Maximizing English Language Learning Benefits

1. Handouts Practical Teaching  & Practical Workshops

2. What is language? • Language is an arbitrary system of vocal symbols used to communicate ideas and express feelings among the members of a certain social community. This definition of language means:a- Human language is quantitatively and qualitatively complex as compared to other system of communications. b- Language is vocal, i.e. composed basically of spoken elements, c- Language is arbitrary given meanings or referents, d- Language is used basically for purpose of communication. Functions of languageThe following is a list of language functions: 1- Personal: to express one's emotions, needs, thoughts, desires, etc. 2- interpersonal: to maintain good social relations with individuals and groups3- Directive: to control the behaviors of others through advice, warning, requests, persuasion, discussion, etc. 4- Referential: to talk about objects or events in the immediate environment or in the culture. 5- Metalinguistic: to talk about language e.g. what does ………..mean? 6- Imaginative: to use language creativity in rhyming composing poetry, etc.

3. Why do we learn English? • Here are a few suggestions: • Fulfill school/university requirements • Function and compete effectively in the global economy of today and the future • Increase job opportunities and salary potential • Develop intercultural sensitivity, increasing global understanding • Improve English vocabulary and language proficiency in order to communicate with members of that language community. • Improve critical and creative thinking skills • Improve one's education • Enhance travel and study abroad opportunities • Enjoy great literary and musical masterpieces and films in their original language • Improve likelihood of acceptance into university and graduate schools • Increase understanding of people in own country • Gain social power (prestige) • Have a secret code • Please one's parents • Any other reason(s)?

4. Here are a few suggestions: • Fulfill school/university requirements • Function and compete effectively in the global economy of today and the future • Increase job opportunities and salary potential • Develop intercultural sensitivity, increasing global understanding • Improve English vocabulary and language proficiency in order to communicate with members of that language community. • Improve critical and creative thinking skills • Improve one's education • Enhance travel and study abroad opportunities • Enjoy great literary and musical masterpieces and films in their original language • Improve likelihood of acceptance into university and graduate schools • Increase understanding of people in own country • Gain social power (prestige) • Have a secret code • Please one's parents • Any other reason(s)?

5. Planning • Why is planning important? • Gives structure to each lesson. • Supports continuity and progression. • Helps teachers to be clear about what they are teaching. • Supports differentiation by enabling observation of students' learning to inform planning. • Gives opportunity to reflect on the sequence of teaching and students' possible response and to prepare for contingencies. • Ensures choice and preparation of material in advance. • Provides a record of teaching for parents, peers, head teachers and supervisors. • Enables teachers to discuss and develop their teaching collaboratively. • Gives the teacher the chance to give good teaching through considering the individual differences. • Gives the teacher the ability to anticipate (predict) to evaluate the situation to meet any emergencies. • Documentation for the administration – supervisor. • To develop peer work among teachers. • Emphasizes teacher's professionalism by demonstrating their accountability

6. Planning • Daily lesson Plan: • It's a document that states the practical procedures towards the target objectives. • The table of content: • The daily plan usually begins with the table of content that includes: • Learning Objectives: • The expected outcomes in students' behavior after having a certain experience. They have to beSMART. • SMART • Specific • Achievable • Realistic • Timed • Measurable • What's meant by SMART?

7. Planning

8. Planning • New language: • It's the new language to be taught. It includes : • New vocabulary. • New structures. • New functions. • Resources: • It's the teaching aids, the audio visual materials the teacher is going to use to facilitate his job and achieve his target objectives. The time the teacher decides to use certain aids he should : • Consider the content he is to present. • Consider the students' levels. • Consider individual differentiations. • Try the material before using it in the classroom. • Choose easy done, safe, cheap and clear materials. • Use the audio-visual material for purpose not as time fillers. • Decide when and how to use the teaching aid. • What are different audio-visual materials can be used in the class? • There are variety of these materials, the teacher should be clever in choosing the appropriate materials that facilitates not hinders the teaching learning process. Teachers can use: [ pictures – cassettes – Realia – flash cards – OH Transparencies – drawing – puppets – video films – handouts – miming – acting – gestures . . . etc] • prerequisite • It's the previous experience that relates mainly to the objectives the teacher is going to achieve. It's previous words or structures that pave the way for the new lesson. The teacher should be very careful in choosing the appropriate pre-requisite having in mind that human beings memories have a system in organizing knowledge as similar and related items are gathered in units.

9. Advice for implementing a Pre-requisite: • Advice for implementing a Pre-requisite: • It's important to know that each activity should have its own pre-requisite especially if it includes new and different new language. • The teacher should employ different techniques to present this phase. Variety is required. • The teacher should revise active words and structure and never revise every thing. • Warming up: • It's the phase that aims at tuning students' ears to the English lesson to create a friendly and relaxed atmosphere between the teacher and the students. • It can be defined as a switch on of the English mood and a switch off of the Arabic mood. It's a transition period where teachers try to melt the ice and build an intimacy. • Warming up, . . . Why? • It plays a crucial role in breaking ice. • It motivates students to participate and accept the presence of the teacher as well as the foreign language. • It creates a supportive, pleasant, and relaxed working atmosphere that paved the way to acquire and use language. • It helps engaging the students' feelings as well as their minds.

10. Warming up, How . . . ? • Different techniques can be used to warm students up in this phase, variety is required. The teacher shouldn't stick her / him self to a certain technique, he should vary between using jokes, riddles that can stimulate and motivate students towards positive participation and involvement in the new lesson. • Presentation • It's the process of presenting the new language ( vocabulary – structure – functions) using different techniques that help students to acquire language. • This process includes: • Revising related language items. • Presenting the new language ( using different techniques ) • Mechanical practice for drilling the new language . • Controlled practice where the teacher controls the students' performance through certain prepared activities. ( SB – WB activities ). • Freer practice where the teacher guides the students' performance through certain prompts. • Consolidation where students use the new language to express themselves and their lives.

11. * Summative evaluation: • It's an overall evaluation process. The teacher use summative evaluation at the end of the period to make sure that students have acquired the new language presented throughout the lesson. It's advisable to use authentic summative evaluation to give the students the opportunity to use new language for real personal purposes in a communicative way. • Homework : • It's considered an integrated part of the lesson in the sense it reinforces the learnt language and increases the students' time of practicing the new learnt language. • The characteristics of the homework activity : • It should be demonstrated in advance. • It should be easy, authentic, short and within students' abilities. • It should be stimulate students' towards research. • It should reinforce the learnt language. • Rounding up: • It's a conclusion phase that summarize the lesson. It's essential to help students organize their thoughts and what hey have learnt. The teacher should vary his techniques for rounding up his lesson, from eliciting the meaning of the learnt vocabulary, drilling the words, summarizing the reading passage to singing the words, matching the words with pictures or stimulating students to use the new structure to express themselves • Sample 1 (governmental Schools)

12. Bloom's Taxonomy