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10.2 Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

10.2 Eukaryotic Cell Cycle. Cell cycle--repeating phases of : Growth (Interphase) DNA replication (Interphase) preparation for cell division (Interphase) division of the nucleus and cytoplasm (cell division—mitosis & cytokinesis). Interphase.

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10.2 Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

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  1. 10.2 Eukaryotic Cell Cycle • Cell cycle--repeating phases of : • Growth (Interphase) • DNA replication (Interphase) • preparation for cell division (Interphase) • division of the nucleus and cytoplasm (cell division—mitosis & cytokinesis)

  2. Interphase • G1: cell grows to mature size, makes more organelles • S: chromosomes replicate • G2: cell continues to grow and prepare to divide; cell forms specialized structures that help the cell divide (ex. microtubules)

  3. 2 Stages of Cell Division: • Mitosis: the process in which a cell’s nucleus divides into 2 identical daughter nuclei. *Begins after interphase and ends before cytokinesis. *PMAT (4 phases) • Cytokinesis: cytoplasm division (and organelles) *Cell physically splits into 2

  4. MITOSIS — 4 phases (PMAT): 1. PROPHASE • chromosomes condense (coil up and become visible under a microscope). • Centrosome helps to assemble spindle fibers. • a pair of centrioles migrate to each pole of the cell (animal cells only). • nuclear envelope and nucleolus break down (disappear).

  5. 2. METAPHASE • spindle fibers arrange chromosomes in the middle of the cell along the equator of the cell. • spindle fibers link the chromatids of each chromosome to opposite poles.

  6. 3. ANAPHASE • centromeres divide • spindle fibers pull sister chromatids towards opposite poles. • result =each pole has a full set of chromosomes.

  7. 4. TELOPHASE • 2 daughter nuclei are formed • reverse of prophase: nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes; chromosomes uncoil to form a loose mass of chromatin; spindle fibers break down (disappear).

  8. CYTOKINESIS • animal cell…cell membrane grows into the center of the cell at the center of the parent cell and divides it into 2 daughter cells of equal size; called a cleavage furrow • plant cells…form a cell plate (from the parent cell wall).

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