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The Reproductive System

The Reproductive System. Chapter 3: Meiosis & Development Section 3.1: The Reproductive System. What do male & female reproductive systems have in common?. Paired gonads where gametes , either sperm or oocytes (eggs), are created. Tubules to transport gametes

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The Reproductive System

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  1. The Reproductive System Chapter 3: Meiosis & Development Section 3.1: The Reproductive System

  2. What do male & female reproductive systems have in common? • Paired gonads where gametes, either sperm or oocytes (eggs), are created. • Tubules to transport gametes • Hormones & secretions that control reproduction

  3. What is the function of the male reproductive system? • Produce sperm • Produce male hormone- testosterone • Deliver sperm to female

  4. What are the major structures of the male reproductive system? • Testes- make sperm & testosterone hormone • Epididymis- coiled tube on top of testes where sperm are stored & mature • Scrotum- sac that holds testes away from body heat • Vas deferens- tube that transports sperm to glands • Prostate gland- thin, milky fluid helps sperm swim & provides alkalinity to neutralize acidity of female body • Seminal Vesicle Gland- provides fructose- food for sperm • Bulbourethral gland- secretes mucus that coats the urethra before sperm leave body • Sperm + Glandular fluids = semen • Urethra- sends semen out of body

  5. Male Reproductive System Factoids… • Males make about 300 million sperm a day • Takes 3 weeks to mature • Sperm can live 48-72 hours inside a female.

  6. What is the function of the female reproductive system? • Produce eggs • Produce female hormones- estrogen and progesterone • Provide a place for fertilized egg to develop

  7. What are the major structures of the female reproductive system? • Ovaries- 2 organs where oocytes are made • Fallopian tubes- have cilia & use peristalsis (muscular contractions) to move egg to uterus; site of fertilization • Uterus- where baby develops • Cervix- passage from uterus to vagina • Vagina- birth canal Cervix

  8. What happens during the menstrual cycle and possible fertilization of egg? • Women are born with all eggs they will ever have. • One is released each month First Phase (~Day 1- Day 7) 3. The lining of the uterus sheds~day 1 to day 7 4. Brain stimulates body to produce Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Leutenizing hormone (LH) which cause eggs in ovaries to mature inside a follicle. • The ovary produces Estrogen which causes uterine lining to thicken (7 days) Second Phase (~Day 14) 6. Rising estrogen levels cause large amounts of LH to be released which causes an egg to rupture from the follicle in ovary. This is ovulation. Egg can stay alive for about 24 hours after leaving ovary. • Many birth control pills block the surge in LH which prevents egg from leaving ovary. Third Phase (~Day 15-Day 28) 8. Follicle in ovary becomes a sac called- Corpus luteum a. If egg is not fertilized- corpus luteum will degenerate & uterine lining will be shed b. If egg is fertilized- corpus luteum will stay intact and produce progesterone- hormone that maintains a pregnancy. 9. Egg travels down fallopian tube. If sperm meet the egg in the fallopian tube, fertilization may occur. 10. Fertilized egg (zygote) will develop into blastocyst which implants into the uterine lining, then becomes embryo, then fetus.

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