http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekytTpFy96o

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekytTpFy96o

2. U.S. History • Wednesday, Nov. 7 • You will need a full sheet of paper to start notes for the Unit • Increasing Influences and Challenges • You will be using them for Daily Learning Target Assessments and then handing them in, so writing information down is important.

3. Imperialism • What do you think this means? Write down a definition. • Definition: The extension of a nation’s power over other lands. • Based on this definition, is the United States an imperialistic country in 2012? Explain.

4. The Big Picture • U.S. foreign relations took a new turn at the end of the 19th century. Global competition for empire led the U.S. into war with Spain and intervention in Latin America. The U.S. forged a new role as an emerging world power.

5. Focus • What inspired imperialist activity? • How did the U.S. gain lands? • What caused the Spanish-American War? • How did actions within America push us into war? • How did the U.S. treat conquered or acquired lands?

6. I can. . . • Evaluate, take, and defend positions on the various U.S. foreign policies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries • Analyze the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War • Identify and evaluate the factors that influenced U.S. imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the ensuing debate over imperialism

7. What led to the U.S. quest? • Economic Interests • Industrial Revolution • Close of the Frontier • Military Needs • Alfred Thayer Mahan

11. What led to the U.S. quest? • Example of European Nations • The scramble for territory • Ideology • American Nationalism • Josiah Strong’s Our Country

15. First Acquisitions • Alaska • Purchased from Russia (1867) • Sec. of State William Seward • Reduce foreign possessions in NA • Vast natural resources • Statehood (1959) • Importance • Resources: timber, fur, fish, coal, oil, gold • Polar air routes • Close to Russia (air bases)

17. First Acquisitions • Hawaii • Acquired (Taken!) • Supply and fueling station • Drew missionaries • American investors • Statehood (1959) • Importance • Sugar and pineapples • Pearl Harbor

18. How it happened • Wealthy white planters gained influence and power within Hawaiian society due to prosperous sugar sales to the U.S. • A group plots against the king and forces him to sign a new constitution in 1887 – the Bayonet Const. (Pearl Harbor ours) • 1890 – when the economy went south they try to restore control (U.S. ousts Liliuokalani in 1893; annexed in 1898)

19. The Spanish-American War An American Empire in the Making

20. Simmering Unrest in Cuba • Cuba was a Spanish possession • Since 1868 they had launched a series of revolts • Spain was weakening • Jose Marti • Exiled in NY, he forms the Cuban Revolutionary Party (1892) and leads a revolt in 1895

21. The Butcher • Spain responds with ValerianoWeyler • Camps set up for civilians • Some 200,000 die

22. Why U.S. interest? • Geographic proximity – 90 miles away • Economic interests - $100 mil. in trade; $50 mil. invested • Humanitarian concerns – deaths of especially women and children due to hunger and disease

24. The Media’s Role • American’s were already sympathetic • American tradition of Revolution • Plus it gets a European nation out • But the “information” they received concerning Weyler fed it • Two competing media moguls are key • William Randolph Hearst – NY Journal • Joseph Pulitzer – NY World

25. Yellow Journalism • Scandalous stories and large shocking illustrations • Sensationalized news stories • They sent reporters, but relied on Cuban sources

28. The de Lome Letter • President McKinley was openly criticized by Spain’s Minister to the U.S. • Cuban spy acquires it • Published in the NY Journal • In February

29. The Explosion of the Maine • The U.S.S. Maine had been sent to Havana Harbor on a visit (protection; show of force) • Feb. 15, 1898 – the Maine mysteriously explodes: 260 killed • Yellow journalists go into high gear • But no declaration of war until April 25th

31. War in the Philippines • The first action took place here because that is where the Spanish fleet was • Adm. George Dewey sent here by Asst. Sec. of the Navy Teddy Roosevelt • Dewey held his fire (nearest resupply was 7,000 miles away) • We had new steel-hulled and iron ships • Took only hours

33. War in Cuba • Teller Amendment – we will not take you over • U.S. military not prepared: • Wool uniforms • Bad beef • Hodge-podge of soldiers

35. War in Cuba • Rough Riders – led by Teddy Roosevelt • Buffalo soldiers • Cavalry unit – not really; horses left in America or drowned

37. Consequences of the War • Treaty of Paris • Spain gives up claims to Cuba • Puerto Rico and Guam ceded to U.S. • Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million • It was a “Splendid Little War” • But cost $250 million and 2,000 lives (most from yellow fever)

38. Arguments for Annexing the Philippines • Duty to spread values and culture • Christianize the Filipinos • Economic and strategic importance • Trade routes to China and the rest of the Asian markets • Get it before it falls to a European power

39. Opponent’s Views • It’s a violation of our own Declaration of Independence (the idea of self government) • African Americans didn’t want to export oppression • It would open the door to new immigrants • It would undercut the American worker

40. American Rule • Annexation in 1899 • Rebellion led by Emilio Aguinaldo • He had already set up a new government and proclaimed himself president • He was prepared to fight

41. American Rule • The Insurrection • 3 years by U.S. accounts; until 1913 by the Filipinos • 4,000 U.S. deaths • 200,000+ Filipino deaths (about 20,000 military; the rest “as a result of the war and disease”) Some estimates as high as 1 mil. • They call it the Philippine-American War

42. American Rule • Charges of brutality and torture on both sides • Many famous Americans were outspoken against this conflict • American Anti-Imperialist League formed • William Jennings Bryan, Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie