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Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease. The most common cause of Dementia Progressive Memory Loss Plus loss in one other area of cognition: Perception Attention Language/Symbols Judgment Reasoning Problem Solving Interferes with Activities of Daily Living

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Alzheimer’s Disease

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  1. Alzheimer’s Disease • The most common cause of Dementia • Progressive Memory Loss Plus loss in one other area of cognition: • Perception • Attention • Language/Symbols • Judgment • Reasoning • Problem Solving • Interferes with Activities of Daily Living • Other causes (stroke) and mimics (depression) ruled out

  2. Prion Disease • Often confused with Alzheimer’s disease clinically • Progressive dementia • Course is much more rapid • Myoclonus, startle • Cerebellar signs (variable)

  3. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) • Memory Complaint • Abnormal memory for age and educational background • Not demented • Dementia is cognitive problems with impairment in social or occupational function, and trouble with language, coordinating physical activities, or thinking through problems • About 12% with MCI develop AD per year

  4. Progressive Supranuclear PalsyPSP • Second most common cause of parkinsonism after Parkinson’s disease • Rigidity, symmetric • eye movement abnormalities • staring, limited • frequent falls/postural instability • no treatment response, or, not sustained • poor prognosis

  5. Corticobasal Degeneration • alien limb phenomenon • Asymmetry • Apraxia • Dystonia • “cortical” signs, “frontal release” • Parkinsonism not responsive to treatment • Rapid progression • No family history

  6. Parkinson’s Disease • Resting tremor • Bradykinesia • Rigidity • Postural instability • Gait difficulties • Asymmetric onset • Responsive to Dopamine replacement • Dysautonomia, sleep, non-Neurological symptoms

  7. Lewy Body Dementia • Second most common cause of dementia • Memory difficulties • Parkinsonism • May be dopamine replacement responsive • Neuroleptic (dopamine antagonist) sensitive • Fluctuations • Cognition • Motor symptoms • May respond to cholinesterase inhibitors • Hallucinations, delusions • Sleep impairment (REM behavior disorder)

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