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17 - Jovian Planets & Moons

17 - Jovian Planets & Moons. True Giants of the Solar System. Composition of the Solar Nebula. 98% H (as H 2 ) and He 1.5% H 2 O, CH 4 , NH 3 , and other volatile ices 0.5% rock & metal. Who Got What. Beyond “snow line”, planetesimals were “icy”

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17 - Jovian Planets & Moons

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  1. 17 - Jovian Planets & Moons

  2. True Giants of the Solar System

  3. Composition of the Solar Nebula 98% H (as H2) and He 1.5% H2O, CH4, NH3, and other volatile ices 0.5% rock & metal

  4. Who Got What Beyond “snow line”, planetesimals were “icy” Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune cores formed from icy planetesimals, but numbers greater (and formation faster) closer to snow line Jupiter & Saturn reach a “critical” mass to rapidly accrete H2 & He before those gases disperse. Have major components of H & He. Uranus & Neptune not so lucky. Much less H & He (and hence mass) than Jupiter & Saturn

  5. Interiors - General Size versus Mass depends on composition - fight between gravity & pressure Differentiation causes the picture to be more complex

  6. Predicted cloud compositions: H2O deep, NH4SH medium, and NH3 high.

  7. IR Emission Correlates with Depth Deeper, hotter layers

  8. Cloud Colors They shouldn’t have any!! Jupiter & Saturn colors due to impurities - S, organics, ?? Uranus & Neptune - mostly just CH4 gas October 2000 - “virgin” NH3 clouds unambiguously detected in wake of the Great Red Spot (fresh NH3 sucked up and condensed - hours later it is coated with contaminant)

  9. Life? • All the basic molecular ingredients are present in the atmospheres • But convection will ultimately (and quickly) bring any organic molecules down to regions where T~ 700 C (over 1200 F!) where they will be destroyed Sagan & Salpeter “speculations” “floaters” “hunters”

  10. “Galilean” Moons of Jupiter

  11. Io Covered with volcanoes, rivers & pools of liquid sulfur

  12. Europa Icy surface - “fresh” - almost no craters

  13. Ice rafts suggest convective motions in subsurface ocean Dark spots - upwelling?

  14. Ganymede Wrinkles due to tectonic movement in ice crust in (distant) past - possible water deep below?

  15. Scarp close up Callisto Possible water deep?

  16. Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter, Europa Ice Clipper, etc JIMO

  17. Europa Hydrobot/Cryobot

  18. Titan Thick atmosphere with photochemical hydrocarbon “smog” Sunlit side Hubble view at wavelengths that penetrate atmosphere Looking through the atmosphere

  19. View from Cassini Spacecraft during Flyby

  20. Huygens Probe

  21. Hydrocarbon lake? River gully? Coastline?

  22. On the surface! “Rocks” of methane ice?

  23. Enceladus

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