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BASIC SKILLS Chapter 1

BASIC SKILLS Chapter 1. Map Skills Map Reading Charts / Graphs. Types of Maps. PHYSICAL MAP: Shows the location and the topography (shape) of earth’s physical features Mountains Lakes Rivers Will also show elevation. Types of Maps. POLITICAL MAP:

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BASIC SKILLS Chapter 1

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  1. BASIC SKILLSChapter 1 Map Skills Map Reading Charts / Graphs

  2. Types of Maps • PHYSICAL MAP: • Shows the location and the topography (shape) of earth’s physical features • Mountains • Lakes • Rivers • Will also show elevation

  3. Types of Maps • POLITICAL MAP: • Shows the boundaries or borders between countries and states. • Shows human made features • Capitals • Cities • Roads • Highways • Railroads

  4. Types of Maps • SPECIAL PURPOSE MAP: • Shows a single idea or a particular kind of information. • Climate • Economic Activity • Land Use • Vegetation

  5. PARTS OF MAPS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • TITLE • Tells you what the map is about • KEY / LEGEND • Map symbols • SCALE • Shows distance • COMPASS ROSE • Shows direction

  6. CARDINAL DIRECTIONS and INTERMEDIATE DIRECTIONS CARDINAL: NORTH WEST SOUTH EAST INTERMEDIATE: Northwest Northeast Southwest Southeast

  7. LOCATION • GRID SYSTEM: • Used to find exact location of places or things. • A-1 • B-4

  8. LOCATION GRID SYSTEM: When placed over the world, the grid system finds LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE = ABSOLUTE LOCATION (Coordinates of a location)

  9. LINES OF LATITUDE LINES OF LATITUDE (Parallels) Run EAST and WEST around the globe… But read NORTH and SOUTH when finding absolute location (Coordinates) EQUATOR = 0 degrees latitude Tropic of Cancer = 23 ½ degrees N Tropic of Capricorn = 23 ½ degrees S

  10. LINES OF LONGITUDE LINES OF LONGITUDE (Meridians) Run NORTH and SOUTH around the globe… But read WEST and EAST when finding absolute location (Coordinates) PRIME MERIDIAN = 0 degrees longitude INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE

  11. HEMISPHERES (Halves) NORTHERN and SOUTHERN HEMISPHERES are divided in HALF by the EQUATOR WESTERN and EASTERN HEMISHPERES are divided in HALF by the PRIME MERIDIAN

  12. Latitude and Longitude: Putting it together…finding ABSOLUTE LOCATION • STEP 1 • Find city on the map • STEP 2 • Read the numbers on the sides of the map to determine LATITUDE • Step 3 • Read the numbers on the top or bottom of the map to determine LONGITUDE • STEP 4 • Write down ABSOLUTE LOCATION • (Number N/S , Number W/E)

  13. RELATIVE LOCATION • Location of a place in relation to other places • A DESCRIPTION • Example: • Washburn High School’s ABSOLUTE LOCATION is 201 West 49th Street • Washburn High School’s RELATIVE LOCATION is the corner of 49th and Pleasant close to Minnehaha Creek.

  14. CLIMATE ZONES Polar Climate Zone… Aka…High Latitude Arctic Circle Temperate Climate Zone… aka…Mid-Latitude Tropic of Cancer Tropical Climate Zone… aka…Low Latitude EQUATOR Tropic of Capricorn Temperate Climate Zone… aka…Mid-Latitude Antarctic Circle Polar Climate Zone… Aka…High Latitude

  15. CONTINENTS

  16. OCEANS

  17. SEASONS December 22 – March 20 March 21 – June 20 September 22 – December 21 June 21 – September 21

  18. SEASONS • If it is spring in Chicago, what season is it in London? • SPRING, because they are both in the Northern Hemisphere • If it is winter in Sydney, Australia, what season is it in Rio de Janiero, Brazil? • WINTER, because they are both in the Southern Hemisphere • If it is Fall in Paris, France, what season is it in Cape Town, South Africa? • SPRING, because they are in opposite hemispheres

  19. MAP DISTORTION DISTORTION: The process that changes the shape, size, and position of Earth’s features when placing a 3-D globe on a 2-D flat map.

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