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Economic Activities

Economic Activities. Irrigation in the Nile Valley. The Nile is Africa’s longest river at 6.671Km It flows to the northwards through the Sahara to the Mediterranean. Population distribution . The population of Egypt is 77 million

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Economic Activities

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  1. Economic Activities

  2. Irrigation in the Nile Valley • The Nile is Africa’s longest river at 6.671Km • It flows to the northwards through the Sahara to the Mediterranean

  3. Population distribution • The population of Egypt is 77 million • People live in the floodplain of the River Nile and in the delta region

  4. Annual Flooding • Since ancient times, the Nile floodplain in Egypt was under water for several weeks every year • When the waters lowered, people grew crops on the damp soil. • The soil was fertilised by sediments carried by the waters

  5. Disadvantages of the dam • Nile floodplain no longer floods annually; therefore sediments are stored at the bottom of Lake Nasser. • The canals that distribute the water contain a water snail that’s is harmful to humans • Much water is lost through evaporation in Lake Nasser

  6. The Aswan Dam • In 1975 the construction of the Aswan dam was completed. • The dam stores millions of tonnes of water in Lake Nasser and is released throughout the year through canals and pipelines along the Nile valley

  7. Future plans • Scheme being developed to irrigate parts of the western desert to help people move from the overcrowded Nile Valley

  8. Case StudySaudi Arabia

  9. Exploitation of Ireland’s peat lands • Raised bogs are found in shallow depression in the midland counties and can be up to 12 metres deep. • Blanket bogs are found in upland areas in the west of Ireland and are 3 to 4 metres deep. • Bogs can be worked out (exhausted) in 50 years

  10. Traditional methods of peat cutting • Meitheals of workers cut turf using a sleán (a type of spade). • The sleán was an example of traditional technology. • Output was very slow

  11. Bord na Móna • In 1946 Bord na Móna began to exploit Ireland’s bogs. • Modern machinery was used to exploit the resource. • Bogs were drained to allow water to run off allowing the peat to compress. • Machinery could then travel over the bogs

  12. Stages in the exploitation of a bog i) The bog is drained ii) The peat is harvested iii) The peat is transported iv) The peat is marketed Machinery used • Ditcher Miller Harrow Ridger

  13. Peat products • Horticultural products such as peat moss • Peat briquettes are sold to domestic consumers for home heating • Milled peat used in power stations to generate electricity Conservation • Bord na Móna is now returning some bogs to wetlands and preserving them in their natural state for future generations to enjoy.

  14. Fishing

  15. Sustainable exploitation • Fish is a renewable resource if it is sustainably managed • Fish stocks will eventually disappear when trawlers take more fish than are replaced by breeding

  16. Irelands continental shelf • The seas off the Irish coast form a continental shelf • This is an area of sea close to land in which large shoals of fish can thrive

  17. The Irish fishing industry • The Irish fishing industry was small in scale until recent decades (joining the EU in 1973) • Many fishermen used small trawlers with small nets or in currachs

  18. Fishing ports in Ireland

  19. EU membership • EU membership meant that Ireland surrendered its control of its fisheries to Brussels • Ireland had to share its fisheries with other EU countries • Therefore greater amounts of fish were caught especially after Spain joined in 1985

  20. Modern fishing technology

  21. Endangered Fish species • Due to overfishing 25 of the 56 species of fish caught in Irish waters are in decline • These include cod, herring, hake, haddock and sole Reasons for overfishing include the following • Too many well equipped trawlers are chasing too fish • Illegal fishing in Irish waters • Juvenile fish are being caught reducing the next years catch

  22. Conservation • The Irish conservation box is an area of 100,000 km2 used for spawning ground • Scientists check numbers of species of fish • Quotas are placed on the amount of fish caught • Number of trawlers is being reduced • Mesh size of nets is fixed so juvenile fish can escape • Fishing season for some species is shortened • Trawlers from outside EU are not allowed to fish in EU waters

  23. Farming

  24. Farming is a system with many inputs, processes and outputs Inputs fertilisers & machinery Processes milking cows & spreading fertilisers Outputs milk & beef

  25. Mixed Farms

  26. Processes throughout the year

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