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Acid Deposition

Acid Deposition. pH Scale. 7 is neutral As numbers decrease, acidity increases As numbers increase, alkalinity increases. pH Scale. Q - How much more acidic is a pH of 3 than a pH of 7? A – 10,000 times pH is a logarithmic scale. Rain.

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Acid Deposition

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  1. Acid Deposition

  2. pH Scale • 7 is neutral • As numbers decrease, acidity increases • As numbers increase, alkalinity increases

  3. pH Scale • Q - How much more acidic is a pH of 3 than a pH of 7? • A – 10,000 times • pH is a logarithmic scale

  4. Rain • From a natural and unpolluted atmosphere has a pH of close to 6.0 • Results form reaction of water vapor and CO2 in the atmosphere forming a weak carbonic acid (H2CO3): • CO2(g) + H2O(l) H2CO3(aq) • Since carbonic acid is a weak acid it partially dissociates: • CO2(g) + H2O(l) H+(aq) + HCO3-(aq)

  5. Acid Rain • Has a pH below 5.6 • Reaction of water vapor with sulfur dioxide (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)

  6. Acid Rain form Sulfur compounds (SOx) • Sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form sulfurous acid (H2SO3): • SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq) • Sulfur dioxide (SO2) can be oxidized gradually to sulfur trioxide (SO3): • 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) • Sulfur trioxide (SO3) reacts with water to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4): • SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq)

  7. Acid Rain from Nitrogen compounds (NOx) • Oxides of nitrogen, particularly nitrogen dioxide (NO2) react with water to form nitrous acid (HNO2) and nitric acid (HNO3): • 2NO2(g) + H2O(l) HNO2(aq) + HNO3(aq)

  8. Effects of Acid Rain • Damages buildings and marble statues by reacting with calcium carbonate to from soluble calcium hydrogen carbonate (calcium bicarbonate, Ca(HCO3)2): • CaCO3 + acid rain Ca(HCO3)2

  9. Effects of Acid Rain

  10. Effects of Acid Rain • Leaches aluminum and calcium form the soil into the ground water, lakes and rivers; poisoning fish and plant roots • Aluminum reacts negatively with the gills of the fish • irritating them • causing a build up of mucous • resulting in suffocation

  11. Effects of Acid Rain • Disrupts the process of photosynthesis • Damages plant life • Slows the production of chlorophyll • Sulfuric acid kills plants • “Crown dieback” • Leaves at the top (crown) of trees die • Leaving a sparse thin crown that progressively increases and moves its way down the tree

  12. Crown Dieback

  13. Assignment • 3.5.1 and 3.5.2 – Chemistry of acid Precipitation and Possible Effects

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