CHAPTER 1 HUMAN MOTOR DEVELOPMENT – WHAT IS IT?

1. CHAPTER 1 HUMAN MOTOR DEVELOPMENT – WHAT IS IT? Greg Payne Made by Wang Yan

2. §1.1 The discipline of human motor development §1.2 Associations of human motor development §1.3 Bloom`s categorization system §1.4 The domains of human motor development §1.5 The discipline of human motor development §1.6 Developmental perspective §1.7 The history of human motor development study §1.8 Current trends in the field of human motor development §1.9 The interdisciplinary nature of motor development

3. Kinesiology Motor Behavior Exercise Physiology , History of Sport, Philosophy of Sport ,etc. Motor Development Motor Learning Motor Control §1.1 THE DISCIPLINE OF HUMAN MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

4. Motor learning • Motor learning is an academic discipline seeking to understand how people learn motor skills, movements that have a specific goal, and how that learning can be facilitated (Magill, 2006).

5. Motor control • Motor control “… is the study of the neurophysiological factors that affect human movement.” (Payne & Isaacs, 2002, p. 1).

6. Motor development • Motor development, is “…the study of changes in human motor behavior over the lifespan, the processes that underlie these changes, and the factors that affect them” (Payne & Isaacs, 2005, p. 2).

7. §1.2 Associations of human motor development • North American Society for Psychology of Sport and Physical Education, NASPSPA • Motor Development and Learning Academy of National Association for Sports and Physical Education, NASPE

8. §1.3 Bloom`s categorization system • cognitive referred to the intellectual changes that we all experience. • affective refers to the social and emotional changes that we experience. • psychomotor made reference to human movement, especially that movement that is created via a conscious effort and an impulse being sent from the higher brain centers

9. The importance of Bloom’s taxonomy • Bloom’s domains of educational objectives extremely useful in categorizing the major areas of human development.

10. Slight modifications of Bloom’s taxonomy should be made • if we were to use Bloom’s terminology, psychomotor, for the movement domain, we would be excluding very important movements – the human reflexes. • We refer to the psychomotor domain as the motor domain.

11. Bloom neglected an entire area of human development – physical change. • By physical change we mean how our body changes with time. Most obviously, this includes growth, physical increases in size.

12. §1.4 The domains of human motor development

13. §1.5 The discipline of human motor development-Why is it important • All domains of human development affect all other domains. • Movement diagnosis in the medical community. • to determine one’s state of health

14. used to determine the level of maturation of human movement • enhance ones ability to educate in the most efficient manner.

15. §1.6 Development perspective • The National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) prepared a position statement entitled, “Looking at Physical Education from a Developmental Perspective.” (Motor Development Task Force, 1995). • Development is “an interactional process that leads to changes in behavior over the lifespan.

16. Having a developmental perspective means that when we observe someone moving we ponder what factors might have led them to their current movement status and where they might go in the future.

17. Also important is the child’s level of achievement on the continuum of walking development. • Based on the movement characteristics exhibited, we can often determine where a child falls in terms of the progression of skills like walking.

18. The six elements of developmental change • qualitative • sequential • cumulative • directional • multifactorial • individual

19. §1.7 The history of human motor development study • Four historical periods (Clark and Whittal,1989 ) • precursor Period (1787 to 1928) • the Maturational Period (1928 to 1946), • the Normative/Descriptive Period (1946 to 1970), • the Process Oriented Period that began in 1970.

20. §1.8 Current trends in the field of human motor development • A Lifespan Approach • Physical Inactivity and Obesity • The dramatic increase in obesity in the United States and throughout the world. • This obesity epidemic is critical for the study of human motor development, because it is so closely linked to physical inactivity.

21. Important terms and concepts • Movement Products and Movement Processes • Development, Growth and Maturation • developmental directions • cephalo-caudal • proximo-distal • integration • differentiation • reciprocal interweaving • Gross and Fine Movement

22. §1.9 The interdisciplinary nature of motor development • Human motor development tends to be interdisciplinary. • One example would be a meta-analysis, a quantitative review of literature, conducted on pre- and postpubescent individuals to determine the effect of resistance training on children and youth (Payne, Morrow, Johnson, & Dalton, 1997).

23. Another example would be a study on changes in jumping ability among young children (Jensen, Phillips & Clark, 1994).

24. SUMMARY • Human motor development is an academic discipline that examines the “changes in human movement behavior over the lifespan, the process that underlie these changes, and the factors that affect them.” (Payne & Isaacs, 2005, p. 2)

25. The domains of human motor development • cognitive (intellectual) • affective (social-emotional) • motor • physical

26. Four historical periods • precursor Period (1787 to 1928) • the Maturational Period (1928 to 1946), • the Normative/Descriptive Period (1946 to 1970), • the Process Oriented Period that began in 1970.

27. Current trends in the field of human motor development • A Lifespan Approach • Physical Inactivity and Obesity

28. Important terms and concepts • Movement Products and Movement Processes • Development, Growth and Maturation • Gross and Fine Movement

29. Thanks a lot!