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Be sure to take careful notes.

World War II. Be sure to take careful notes. There MAY be a QUIZ afterwards!. Events Leading to World War II. Treaties Economic Factors The Change of Power. The Treaty of Versailles. Marked the end of World War I Signed on November 11, 1918 Left many of its signers unsatisfied

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  1. World War II Be sure to take careful notes. There MAY be a QUIZ afterwards!

  2. Events Leading to World War II • Treaties • Economic Factors • The Change of Power

  3. The Treaty of Versailles • Marked the end of World War I • Signed on November 11, 1918 • Left many of its signers unsatisfied • France regained land lost in the war • Germany lost land to France and had to pay large amounts of $$$ for war reparations • Italy felt that it did not gain enough territory • Japan was ignored during negotiations of the treaty

  4. Internal and External Weakening of Europe • Over 10 Million people perished in World War I • Large fatality rate affected the workforce and birthrates • Economy was weakened • Government borrowing to finance the war left massive debts and caused inflation

  5. Reaction To and Effects of the Treaty • Many Germans angered about treaty • From 1919-1923 there was a series of attempted revolutions in Germany • Many Italians were also angered by the treaty

  6. Economic Events

  7. Stock Market Crash • October-1929 • American Stock Market crash affected European markets deeply • Banks failed • Unemployment rose and wages fell • The Soviet Union’s economy was one of the few NOT greatly injured

  8. The Depression • By 1932, 6 million Germans were unemployed • Public morale in Germany was low

  9. Hitler’s History and Rise to Power • 1919-Hitler left the German army • He believed that the German army hadn’t “lost” but were stabbed in the back by the politicians who signed the Treaty of Versailles • September 1919- Hitler attended a meeting of the German Workers Party, which was led by Anton Drexler who was a known Anti-Semite • Anti-Semite-Someone who is is prejudiced against Jewish people

  10. Hitler’s History and Rise to Power- Continued • Hitler joined German Workers Party and became their leader in 1921 • He then changed the name of the party to the National Socialist German Workers Party in an effort to attract more members • This party would evolve into the Nazi Party and would become known for their violent ways

  11. Hitler’s History and Rise to Power- Continued • Hitler believed that the current government of Germany was so unpopular that the people would support him in an election • His attempt to become elected leader fails in 1923 and he is imprisoned for treason after a failed attempt to force his way in to leadership • A new German Chancellor, Gustav Stresemann, is elected and brings inflation and other issues under control

  12. Hitler’s History and Rise to Power- Continued • He served five years in prison and wrote his book, Mein Kampf, (My Struggle) there. • In an attempt to gain political control of the REICHSTAG (the German government) Hitler appointed Josef Goebbels as head of propaganda • Propaganda - information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread to people to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, or nation • Flyers - advertisements

  13. German Elections 1932-38 Hitler’s History and Rise to Power - Continued • On October 3, 1929, Gustav Stresemann died • Popularity of Nazi party grew from 1928-1933 as indicated by the pink portion of the election graphs on the left. • The Nazi party has the support of millionaire Alfred Hugenburg who owned 53 newspapers and uses them to back Hitler

  14. Hitler’s History and Rise to Power- Continued • Hitler tells the German people that the problems of the Depression were not their fault • He blames the Jews for Germany’s problems, thus turning them into scapegoats • Hitler promised the Germans to do away with the Treaty of Versailles • On January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor by current president Hindenburg. He was hoping to use Hitler to create a Nazi majority in the Reichstag

  15. Hitler’s History and Rise to Power - Continued • In the election of March, 1933, Hitler achieves greater political power • Hitler uses his new power to eliminate all who oppose him. • In 1934, President Hindenburg dies and Hitler gains TOTAL control by uniting the positions of chancellor and president

  16. How Hitler Uses His Newfound Power • 1935- He began the process of rearmament. He did this by building up the German Army and Navy. • This act had been specifically banned by the treaty of Versailles

  17. Hitler in Power - Continued • 1936-Hitler stations forces on the French border • 1938-Hitler demands self-government for the Germans living in Czechoslovakia • Neville Chamberlain, Britain’s Prime Minister, agrees to this

  18. Hitler in Power • Hitler’s demands continue to escalate • September, 1938-Hitler and Chamberlain sign an agreement never to go to war again

  19. Hitler in Power • March,1939 - Hitler breaks his agreement with Chamberlain and occupies Western Czechoslovakia • April,1939 - Britain signs an agreement with Poland and Romania which promises to defend them if they are attacked • September, 1939 - Hitler invades Poland

  20. The World At WAR!!! • September 3rd, 1939 - Britain declares war on Germany!! Winston Churchill - Britain

  21. Allies: Britain France USSR (Russia) America (later) Axis: Germany Italy Japan Who’s Who?

  22. Britain - Chamberlain and Winston Churchill France - Charles de Gaulle USSR - Joseph Stalin America - Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) and Harry S. Truman (later) Germany-Adolph Hitler Italy-Benito Mussolini Japan-Hirohito Who Leads These Nations? (Churchill, FDR, Stalin)

  23. (FDR, de Gaulle, Churchill) (Mussolini, Hitler) Churchill Roosevelt

  24. How did America view things?

  25. Why and When did America Get Involved? • When: December 7th, 1941 • Where: Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • Why: Japanese planes attacked • 3,400 Americans were killed • America declared war immediately

  26. Pearl Harbor - December 7, 1941

  27. Hitler, The Nazi Party, and the Treatment of the Jews • Hitler professed a belief in a “Master Race” and sought the extermination of all who were not part of it, particularly the European Jews • The Nazi Party ruled through fear, cruelty, and violence • Many Jews were rounded up and sent toconcentration camps

  28. The Concentration Camps • Some of these camps were designed for the extermination of prisoners • Others were designed as labor camps • In the labor camps, the prisoners were used as slave workers

  29. Some of the more infamous camps were: • Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Dachau and Natzwiller

  30. 1933-American newspapers report the existence of camps when Dachau, an infamous camp, was used to imprison Communists and other enemies of the Nazis • 1940-Hanz Frank, Nazi governor of occupied Poland, announces that “the Jews must vanish from the face of the earth.”

  31. Actual photograph from inside a concentration camp Elie Wiesel, author of Night

  32. 1944-American reporters visit Lublin, Poland and stories with pictures of a warehouse bursting with 800,000 shoes that once belonged to Nazi victims were widely published

  33. Aerial View of a Camp

  34. 1944-The American military inspect Natzwiller (a camp) and report their findings • Some doubt their report and believe that it was exaggerated

  35. April, 1945-Units of the American Army discover the first of the camps still containing prisoners and corpses • Near the end, the SS (members of the Nazi Party) had marched the prisoners to other camps. This was known as a “Death March” Those who did not march were killed.

  36. the graves of 3,200 victims • a shed piled to the ceiling with bodies • various torture devices • a butcher’s block used for smashing the gold fillings from the mouths of prisoners • April, 1945-Generals George Patton and Dwight Eisenhower tour a camp • Eisenhower insists on seeing the whole camp, including: • Patton, a decorated war veteran, vomited behind the barracks • Eisenhower would later become president.

  37. Crucial Events of the War • By 1940, German forces had defeated Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium and France

  38. Hitler over-stretched his resources by invading Russia • 1942-The British and American forces pushed the Germans and Italians back while Russia began to have successful counter attacks against Germany • 1944-The Allies invaded and recovered France and surged into Germany

  39. May, 1945-Germany Surrenders!

  40. A few months later, Japan surrendered after the American use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki • The bombings of Hiroshima killed over 78,000 people

  41. WWII Casualties • USSR-20,000,000 • CHINA-10,000,000 • GERMANY-6,850,000 • JAPAN-2,000,000 • YUGOSLAVIA-1,706,000 • FRANCE-810,000 • USA-500,000 • ENGLAND-388,000 • ITALY-410,000 TOTAL FATALITIES - Over 52,000,000!

  42. Some technological advances during WWII: • The Jet Engine • The Jeep • Tanks • Planes

  43. Some War Propaganda

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