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General single-scatter properties:

General single-scatter properties: s e = Extinction cross-section (m 2 /particle): fraction of incident beam that is attenuated (f) times the cross-sectional area of the incident beam (A) w 0 = Single-scatter-albedo: ratio of scattering/(scattering+absorption)

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General single-scatter properties:

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  1. General single-scatter properties: se = Extinction cross-section (m2/particle): fraction of incident beam that is attenuated (f) times the cross-sectional area of the incident beam (A) w0 = Single-scatter-albedo: ratio of scattering/(scattering+absorption) P(Q) = Phase function (Sr-1): angular distribution of scattered radiation Scattered radiation: I f w0 P(Q) Isotropic scattering: p(Q) = 1 Q Incident Beam: I Transmitted Beam: I(1-f) Absorbed radiation: I f (1-w0)

  2. Regimes of Scattering

  3. Scattering regimes Geometrical Optics Regime Q  2 Rayleigh Regime Q~x4 Why does Q2? Not 1?

  4. Scattering Efficiency as Function of Size

  5. Carbon Extinction Efficiency

  6. Phase Function Q = Scattering angle p(Q) = Scattering phase function Azimuthally symmetric for spheres and randomly oriented particle ensembles Essential for determining the source function for scattering Very strong, narrow forward peak develops for largest particles (diffraction peak). x << 1 x ~ 1 Q Q x ~ 10 Q

  7. Why does Q2? Not 1?

  8. Phase Function for Soil and Sulfate

  9. Phase Function for Carbon

  10. Scattering by a dipole: Rayleigh Scattering Nucleus (+) Induced Dipole Electron Shell (-) + No electric field + - Vibration of the electron about the nucleus creates a secondary wave at the same frequency that radiates in all directions, except parallel to the primary electric field. Scattering coefficient ~ l-4, so blue scatters much more than red.

  11. Geometric Optics -- Rainbows • http://mysite.verizon.net/vzeoacw1/rainbow.html

  12. Mie Solutions for QE nr = 1.5 ni QE ni ni ni

  13. Upon the Blue Ridge Mountains… a = 2?

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