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The Chemistry of Living Things

The Chemistry of Living Things. There are two types of compounds that are important to living things: Organic and inorganic compounds Organic compounds contain the element carbon. There are 4 types of organic compounds that are important to living things:. Carbohydrates.

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The Chemistry of Living Things

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  1. The Chemistry of Living Things

  2. There are two types of compounds that are important to living things: Organic and inorganic compounds Organic compounds contain the element carbon. There are 4 types of organic compounds that are important to living things:

  3. Carbohydrates • Main functions include energy and support • Monosaccharides (single units) or simple sugars are the building blocks of the larger carbohydrate polysaccharides (many units). • Glucose is a simple sugar or monosaccharide; Starch and Cellulose are polysaccharides • We digest polysaccharides into simple sugars, so they can be used by our body

  4. Thought questions • What elements are found in carbohydrates? • What is the difference between a sugar and a carbohydrate?

  5. Cell membranes are made of lipids

  6. Lipids • Main function is for energy. • Contain the most energy (calories) per gram and become long term storage when calorie intake exceeds the amount of calories needed or used • Fatty acids are the building blocks of the very large lipid molecules • Include fats, triglycerides, sterols and waxes

  7. Thought questions • Which organic molecules have the greatest amount of stored chemical energy? Carbohydrates or Lipids?

  8. Where are proteins made in the cell…?

  9. Proteins • Main function is for building and repair of cell structures. • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. • Enzymes are made of protein and control many of the chemical reactions that occur in the body • Example: salivaryamylase in found in saliva begins the chemical digestion of starches in your mouth

  10. Nucleic acids • Examples are DNA or RNA • DNA is the molecule which contains the instructions or pattern of each organism. Found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells (each cell which has a nucleus with the full number of chromosomes has the complete instructions for a new individual) • Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. Each nucleotide contains the sugar, deoxyribose, phosphate and a nitrogen base.

  11. Thought questions • What element is found in all organic compounds? • What are the basic building blocks of • Carbohydrates? • Lipids? • Proteins? • Nucleic Acids?

  12. Inorganic compoundsare also important to living things. They DO NOT contain carbon. Some examples include: • water (formula: H2O) • salt (formula: NaCl) What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

  13. Let’s Talk about one organic compound that is very important to living things… Glucose Glucose is one of the most important molecules in biology. Here are some things you need to know about it: • The chemical formula for glucose is: C6H12O6 • Glucose is manufactured in PLANTS. • What is this process called and what cell organelle does it take place? • All cells (plants and animals) use glucose for the purpose of GETTING ENERGY

  14. Let’s Talk about one organic compound that is very important to living things… Glucose • All energy in a glucose molecule is located in THE BONDS. • When the bonds of this molecule are broken, energy is released. This happens in the MITOCHONDRIA of the cell (the powerhouse organelle). • What is this process called?

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