The Characteristics of Living Things

1. The Characteristics of Living Things

2. The Characteristics of Living Things • Great Complexity & Cellular Organization • Reproduction & Development • Responds with the Environment • Metabolism • Capacity for growth • Homeostasis • Heredity • Evolution (Adaptation)

3. The Hierarchy of Life • Atoms • Molecules • Organelles • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ Systems • Organisms • Populations • Communities • Ecosystems • Biosphere

4. Some Elements

5. Simple Inorganic Molecules • Water (H2O) • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Molecular Oxygen (O2) • Ammonium (NH3) • Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

6. Biological Compounds Categories: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

7. Cell Organelles nucleus smooth ER mitochondria rough ER golgi

8. Cells Nerve cell Osteocyte Muscle cell Blood cell

9. Levels of Body Organization

10. DNA molecule carbon atom organelle cell tissue biosphere ecosystem organ organ system community organism population Levels of Sturctural Organization

11. Prokaryotic Cell

12. Eukaryotic Animal Cell

13. Eukaryotic Plant Cell

14. Classification: Six kingdom system : Eubacteria Archaebacteria E. coli Cyanobacteria Protista Paramecium Diatom Slime mold Plantae Fungi Animalia

15. Asexual Reproduction Coral polyp budding

16. Sexual Reproduction

17. Development

18. Both Sexual & Asexual

19. Interaction with the environment • Living things interact with each other and with the environment • Ecology – the study of these interactions • Hawaiian Monk seals eat fish • Humans eat fish • What if something happened to the fish?

20. Interaction with the Environment

21. Metabolism • The sum total of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms, resulting in growth, production of energy, elimination of waste material, etc. • Anabolism- build up of complex molecules • Catabolism- break down of complex molecules

22. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

23. Photosynthesis 6H2O + 6CO2 + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2

24. Growth • Organisms require a source of food to provide energy for growth

25. Autotrophs • Organisms that make their own food (like plants, some protists, and some bacteria) • Plants capture energy from the sun, use water and carbon dioxide to make sugars and starches Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis

26. Heterotrophs • Organisms that take in food to meet their energy needs • Animals must consume autotrophs (plants), and other heterotrophs to meet their energy needs

27. Homeostasis • Maintenance of constant internal conditions in varying environments • Adaptation of organisms to specific environments

28. Homeostasis Three big problems • Obtaining energy and nutrients • Maintaining temperature • Obtaining and holding onto water

29. Body Temperature Regulation

30. Temperature Control Ectotherms (Poikilotherms) • Generate body heat metabolically, but cannot maintain constant internal body temperature • Body temperature mimics the surrounding environment

31. Ectotherms • Most ectotherms regulate their body temperature by • basking • moving between shade/sun • being active at certain times of day

32. Temperature Control Endotherms (homeothermic) • Generate body heat metabolically and body temperature does not match the temperature of the surrounding environment • These organisms retain metabolic heat and can control metabolism to maintain a constant internal temperature

33. Heredity • Transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring • Instructions from parent to offspring are passed on in the form of genes

34. DNA Contains information for almost all cell activities

35. Heritable variations Banding pattern Dwarfism Eye color Beak Depth Blood type

36. Evolution Change in the genetic composition of a population through time

37. Mechanisms Contributing to Evolutionary Change • Production of heritable variations • Natural Selection • Chance

38. Adaptations The structural, functional, and behavioral features that contribute to the success of a species.