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Review

Review. Negative Prefix imbalance [ɪ m bælənts] inability [ɪ n əbɪləɾi] incomplete [ɪ ŋ kəmplit] irresponsible [ɪ ɹ ɪspɑntsəbl̩] illegible [ɪ l ɛ ʤəbl̩] intolerable [ɪ n tɑlɹ̩əbl̩]. Allomorphs. [ɪn] [ɪm] [ɪŋ] [ɪɹ] [ɪl] [ɪn]. Assimilation. nasal stop => [ɹ] / __ [ɹ]

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Review

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  1. Review • Negative Prefix • imbalance [ɪmbælənts] • inability [ɪnəbɪləɾi] • incomplete [ɪŋkəmplit] • irresponsible [ɪɹɪspɑntsəbl̩] • illegible [ɪlɛʤəbl̩] • intolerable [ɪntɑlɹ̩əbl̩]

  2. Allomorphs [ɪn] • [ɪm] [ɪŋ] [ɪɹ] [ɪl] [ɪn]

  3. Assimilation • nasal stop => [ɹ] / __ [ɹ] • nasal stop => [l] / __ [l] • nasal stop => bilabial / labial cons • nasal stop => velar / velar cons • nasal stop => alveolar / elsewhere • Degemination • CC => C

  4. Syntax • How to combine words into phrases and phrases into sentences • Lexical categories • Phrase structure rules • Remember! This information is part of the Mental Grammar.

  5. Open Lexical Categories • Content Words • Noun: person, book, country, car • Verb: write, sleep, drink, fight • Adjective: blue, terrible, exciting, yucky • Adverb: very, quickly, expertly, noisily

  6. Closed Lexical Categories • Function Words • Determiner: a book, the book • Preposition: of, with, to, under, on • Auxiliary verb: • I am reading. I will read. • Pronoun: you, I, this, that • Conjunction: you and I, this or that

  7. Phrases • Noun Phrases (NP) • The head of the phrase is a noun. • cats • the cats • the fat cats • the cats on the bed

  8. Phrase Structure Rules • NP => N • cats • NP => Det N • the cats • NP => Det Adj N • the fat cats • NP => Det N PP • the cats on the bed

  9. NPs function as subjects and objects. • [Cats] are small furry animals. • I like [cats].

  10. Verb Phrases • The head of the phrase is a verb. • ran • ate a bug • kicked his sister • slid down the hill • led an elephant into the classroom

  11. VP => V • ran • VP => V NP • ate a bug • VP => V PP • slid down the hill • VP => V NP PP • led an elephant into the classroom

  12. VPs function as predicates. • Ignacius [brought an elephant to school]. • The kid next door [ate a bug]. • A girl in my chemistry class [ran away].

  13. Prepositional Phrases • The head of the phrase is a preposition. • on the table • in the sky • over the rainbow • during the night • through the looking glass

  14. PP => P NP • over the rainbow • during the night • through the looking glass • to eternity

  15. PPs can appear inside VP. • Alice went down the rabbit hole. • PPs can precede a sentence. • Near the rock, John saw a snake. • PPs can appear inside NP. • the pot at the end of the rainbow

  16. Lexical category  Distribution in a sentence. • Ibanez hit a home run last night. (V) • Ichiro didn’t get a single hit. (N) • A fast (Adj) car runs fast (Adv).

  17. Sentences • S => NP (Aux) VP • [Ignacius] [will] [eat a bug]. • [The kid next door] [has] [kicked his sister]. • [A girl in my chemistry class] [is] • [leading an elephant into the room].

  18. Explaining Ungrammaticality • *a big (as NP) • NP => Det N • *girl the (as NP) • NP => Det N

  19. *Harry a bug. (as S) • S => NP VP • *The girl the ball kicked. • VP => V NP • *Howled at the moon the wolf. (as S) • S => NP VP

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