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Chemical Names and Formulas

Learn the basics of chemical names, formulas, and compounds. This overview covers metals, nonmetals, ions, basic charges, and types of compounds such as ionic and molecular. Discover how to write formulas, name compounds, and understand the properties of various elements.

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Chemical Names and Formulas

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  1. Chemical Names and Formulas Overview •Metals and Non-Metals •Ions and Ionic Charges •Types of Compounds •Systematic Names -Writing Names and Formulas

  2. Metals and Nonmetals • Stairway Of Division on Periodic Table • C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non- metals • B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are semi- metals • All others are metals

  3. Cations Positively Charged Atoms i.e. Na+ Anions Negatively Charged Atoms i.e. Cl- Ions

  4. Group I -> Group II -> Group III -> Group IV -> 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ IONIC CHARGES

  5. Group V -> Group VI -> Group VII -> Group VIII -> 3- 2- 1- Noble Gases IONIC CHARGES

  6. TYPES OF COMPOUNDS • Ionic Compounds • composed of positive and negative ions. • usually formed from a metal and non-metal. • these elements arenot attached to one another.

  7. TYPES OF COMPOUNDS • Ionic Compounds con’t • Examples NaCl CaBr2 KI

  8. CHEMICAL FORMULAS • Definition • shows the kind and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance. • i. e. NaCl

  9. IONIC COMPOUNDS • A formula unit is the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound. • i.e. Na2Cl2-> NaCl • There is no such thing as a molecule of NaCl!!!!!!!!!

  10. IONIC COMPOUNDS • If charges cancel, just write the symbols Na+1 Cl-1NaCl • If charges do not cancel, criss-cross: Ca+2 Cl-1 CaCl2 ***Do not move the charge, only the number ***Do not write the 1

  11. NAMING COMPOUNDS • Your ability to name compounds and write formula’s hinges on your ability to recognize whether a compound is Ionic or Molecular.

  12. BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Binary means 2 elements • Ionic means a metal and a non-metal (or cation and anion) • Writing Formulas • charges must balance so compound charge is neutral.

  13. BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Writing Formulas from Names • 1st word = CATION • 2nd word = ANION name with ide ending.

  14. NaBr MgF2 Sodium Bromide Magnesium Fluoride BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

  15. Potassium Chloride Aluminum Oxide • notice ending of name is ide! K+Cl- -> KCl Al23+O32- -> Al2O3 BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

  16. Polyatomic Ions • Definition •tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge. • Example SO32-, NO2-, ClO2-

  17. TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Ternary means 3 different elements • Usually contain Poly-atomic Ions • Ionic means cation and anion

  18. Ca2+CO32- CaCO3 Charges canceled. Just write the symbols Calcium Carbonate TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS:Writing Formulas

  19. Calcium Nitrate Notice the charges didn’t cancel so they criss crossed Ca+2 (NO3)-1 Ca(NO3)2 TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS: Naming

  20. Naming with Transition Metals • First word = CATION • Second word = ANION • The Roman numeral will tell you the charge of the transition metal • Silver (Ag) is an exception. It’s charge is +1

  21. Copper (I) Oxide Cu+1 O-2 Cu2O Naming Transition Metals

  22. FeCl3 Fe+3 Cl-1 FeCl2 Fe+2 Cl-1 Iron (III) Chloride Iron (II) Chloride Writing Formulas with Transition Metals *Backwards criss-cross to know the charge/Roman numeral

  23. TYPES OF COMPOUNDS • Molecular Compounds • composed of molecules in which elements shareelectrons. • usually composed of 2 nonmetals. • these elements are attached

  24. MOLECULAR FORMULA • Definition • shows the numbers and kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound. • i. e. CO

  25. TYPES OF COMPOUNDS • Molecular Compounds con’t •Examples CS2 SiO2 BF3

  26. BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS • Binary means 2 elements • Molecular means 2 non-metals • NO ionic charges are present

  27. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds • Prefixes are used to show how many atoms are present in each molecule.

  28. Covalent Prefixes • Mono (or no prefix) – 1 • Di – 2 • Tri – 3 • Tetra – 4 • Penta – 5 • Hexa – 6 • Hepta – 7 • Octa – 8 • Nona – 9 • Deca – 10

  29. CO2 •no mono prefix is used on first element Carbon Dioxide • Di means 2 oxygens!! Writing Binary Molecular Compounds

  30. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds • 2 ways it’s done! • (prefix + element name) i.e. N2O dinitrogen monoxide

  31. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds • (prefix + element root + ide) i.e. PCl3 Phosphorous Trichloride • All binary compounds end in ide!!!

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