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Chemical Names and Formulas (Nomenclature)

Chemical Names and Formulas (Nomenclature). Writing formulas for Ionic compounds. Must contain a metal and non metal or metal and polyatomic ion Write symbol of positive element Write symbol of negative element Write the charge above each element

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Chemical Names and Formulas (Nomenclature)

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  1. Chemical Names and Formulas (Nomenclature)

  2. Writing formulas for Ionic compounds • Must contain a metal and non metal or metal and polyatomic ion • Write symbol of positive element • Write symbol of negative element • Write the charge above each element • In some metals roman numerals are use to indicate the charge Lead (II) +2 Lead (IV) +4

  3. Use crisscross method to balance charges • The charges become subscripts without the + or – sign. • The subscript 1 is not written • Write formula for magnesium and chlorine

  4. Special rules to remember If both charges are the same number (+ 3 , -3) elements are in a 1:1 ratio Ba2+ O2- = BaO Formula should be in lowest ratio Pb+4 O-2 = PbO2 NOT Pb2O4 Polyatomic ions need to be in parenthesis ( ) Ca+2 PO4-3 = Ca3(PO4)2 NH4+1 CO3-2 = (NH4)2(CO3)

  5. Naming Ionic compounds • Write the name of the metal. • Must include roman numerals for transition metals, if they have more than one possible charge. • The name of anions end in –ide Chlorine becomes chloride • Use polyatomic names as written

  6. Examples CaBr2 Calcium bromide Co2S3 Cobalt (III) sulfide Ba3(PO4)2 Barium phosphate (NH4)(NO3) Ammonium nitrate

  7. Classify each as either molecular or ionic compounds 1. CO 6. ZnS 2. Cl2O8 7. NF3 3. CuBr2 8. H2CO3 4. CO2 9. AgNO3 5. AlCl3 10. SO3

  8. Writing Formulas of Molecular Compounds Made of only 2 nonmetals no charges needed The prefixes become the subscripts. Example: Carbon tetrachloride = CCl4 Dichlorine octoxide = Cl2O8 Carbon monoxide = CO Dinitrogen pentafloride = N2F5

  9. Writing Names of Molecular Compounds • Name the first element, add a prefix if the subscript is greater than 1 • Name the second element change the ending to –ide, add the prefix Prefixes: mono-1 hexa-6 di-2 hepta-7 tri-3 octa-8 tetra-4 nona-9 penta-5 deca-10 Memorize the prefixes

  10. Example CO = Carbon Monoxide CO2 = Carbon Dioxide N2O = Dinitrogen Monoxide N3P5 = Trinitrogen Pentaphosphide

  11. Naming Common Acids Memorize the names and formulas of these acids Hydrochloric acid HCl Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Nitric acid HNO3 Acetic acid HC2H3O2 Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Carbonic acid H2CO3 Ammonia NH3 (not an acid)

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