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Brainstem

Brainstem. Mesencephalon Pons Medulla oblongata. ■ nuclei of CN III - XII ■ connection to the cerebellum ■ large reticular formation. CN III CN IV, V CN VI, VII, VIII CN IX, X, XI CN XII. Ventral aspect. ■ IV. ventricle ■ roof of the IV. ventricle:

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Brainstem

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  1. Brainstem Mesencephalon Pons Medulla oblongata ■ nuclei of CN III - XII ■ connection to the cerebellum ■ large reticular formation

  2. CN III CN IV, V CN VI, VII, VIII CN IX, X, XI CN XII Ventral aspect

  3. ■ IV. ventricle ■roof of the IV. ventricle: velum medullare sup. fastigium velum medullare inf. = tela choroidea ventriculi IV.(ependyma + pia mater) + vessels → plexus choroideus ■CNIV Dorsal aspect

  4. ■ floor of the IV. ventricle Fossa rhomboidea Dorsal aspect

  5. A A B B A A B B Structure of the brainstem Spinal cord Pons

  6. GSE BE Functional zones of the brainstem Afferents from senses SA GSA alar GVA Sulcus limitans basal GVE Inervation of muscles (from branchial arches)

  7. Gray matter of the brainstem ■ nuclei of dorsal columns ■ nuclei of cranial nerves ■ nuclei of RF ■ nuclei connected to the cerebellum ■ motor nuclei of the brainstem White matter of the brainstem ■ ascending tracts ■ descending tracts from the cortex and brainstem

  8. Sensory Motor (afferent) (efferent) GSE CN III, IV, VI, XII BE CN V, VII, IX, X, XI Ncl. ambiguus GVE CN III, VII, IX, X GVA CN VII, IX, X Ncl. solitarius GSA CN V SA CN VII,IX,X + VIII Ncl. gustatorius

  9. Medulla oblongata CN IX, X, XI, XII

  10. Parsinferiorfossaerhomboideae

  11. Medullaoblongata Caudal section Rostral section

  12. ncl + f gracilis Caudal section ncl + f cuneatus ncl + tr solit ncl + trspCN V ncl o (p) CN X FR ncl o CN XII co-sp lat sp - cer a p Decussatio pyramidum ncl o CN X+XI ru-sp re-sp sp-th,te,re te-sp v-s co- sp

  13. ncll vest Rostral section ncl+tr sol ncl cuneatus ncl o (p) CN IX tr. cuneo-cer Ped. cer. inf. ncl o CN XII FLD ncl+tr sp CN V tr. te-sp ncl o CN IX r-s- LM CN IX v-s sp- c tr. olivo-cer ncll olivares tr.co-sp CN XII

  14. Pons Varoli CN V, VI, VII, VIII

  15. Pars media et superior fossae rhomboideae

  16. Pons Varoli Rostral section Caudal section

  17. Caudal section ncll. vestib. ncl o (p) CN VII ncl o CN VI ncl gust. FLD ncl+tr sp CN V tr. sp-ce ant tr. te-sp ncl o CN VII tr. ru-sp LL ncll. cochl. LM Corp. trapezoid. CN VII ncll pontis tr. co-sp CN VI

  18. Rostral section ped. cer sup ncl+tr m CN V ncl o CN V FLD ncl s p CN V tr. te-sp LL LM tr. ru-sp ncll pontis ped.cer med CN V tr. co-sp

  19. Mesencephalon CN IV CN III

  20. Mesencephalon ■ crura cerebri ■tegmentum ■ tectum

  21. Caudal section Rostral section

  22. Caudal section CN IV ncl coll inf LL ncl m CN V ncl o CN IV LM FLD oc,p,t-po tr. te-sp substantia nigra co-ncl tr. ru-sp co-sp co-ncl fr-po

  23. ncl coll sup Rostral section Aq. cerebri FLD LL ncl o CN III ncl o (p) CN III LM ncl ruber oc,p,t-po tr. te-sp co-ncl substantia nigra tr. ru-sp co-sp CN III co-ncl fr-po

  24. Reticular formation ■between aferent and motor systems ■ spinal cord – diencephalon 1 2 Nuclei of RF 1median, single (raphe system) 2medial, paired 3lateral, paired Olivary ncll. Red ncl. 3

  25. Function ■ Somatic motor control ■Pattern generation ■Vital centers (circulation, respiration) ■ Blood pressure control ■Respiratory rythm ■ Bladder control ■Conveys somatic and visceral information to the cerebellum ■Sleeping and waking ( Ascending Reticular Activating System) ■ Pain modulation

  26. Illustrations were copiedfrom: • Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/ Sobotta. Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993 • Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. Windows Version 2.0

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