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Internet Infrastructure 101 Up to Speed Session

Explore the history, convergence, and architecture of the Internet at high speed with detailed sessions on key protocols and infrastructure. Discover insights into network evolution and future possibilities.

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Internet Infrastructure 101 Up to Speed Session

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  1. Internet Infrastructure 101Up to Speed Session Jairo Gutiérrez jairo.gutierrez@aut.ac.z

  2. Outline • Brief History of the Internet • Evolution of the Internet • “Convergence” • Network Architecture Characteristics • Networks Protocols (TCP/IP) • Internet Infrastructure in NZ NetHui 2012, Auckland

  3. Origins of the Internet J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  4. J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  5. Semi-Automated Ground Environment SAGE J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  6. MIT Lincoln Labs IBM Hardware A/N FSQ-7 ATT Communications MITRE Corporation Systems Integration SAGE Burroughs Modems Western Electric Control Centers System Development Corp. Software Rand Corporation NetHui 2012, Auckland J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  7. 24 Centers 100 operators 24/7 operation J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  8. J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  9. J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  10. NetHui 2012, Auckland J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  11. NetHui 2012, Auckland J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  12. J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  13. PioneeringFeatures Ferrite core memory A/D and D/A conversion Light pen Multiprocessing Real-time database management Distributed processing Timesharing Interactive displays Networking Marginal checking for component failure Memory cycle-stealing Buffered I/O COMPOOL 500,000 line real-time executive J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  14. Estimated costs of SAGE: $ 8-12 billion in 1964 dollars Fully operational in 1963 Decommissioned in 1983 Never saw a missile (or not on record!) NetHui 2012, Auckland J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  15. BEMEWS Air Traffic Control SAGE WWMCCS NASA Space Tracking Semi-Automatic Business-Research Environment (SABRE) IBM System 360 Systems Management Organizations as Systems MIT-TX2 DEC PDP-10 The Programming Profession J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  16. Brief History of the Internet • Late 50s, early 60s: SAGE • Late 60s: ARPANET • In 1969 there were 4 nodes: UCLA, UCSB, SRI, U. of Utah • In July 1970: MIT, SDC, RAND and BBN were added • Early 70s: TCP/IP (Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn) • Late 80s: NSFNET • 1989-90: World Wide Web (Sir Tim Berners-Lee) • Early 90s: Commercial Internet NetHui 2012, Auckland

  17. PC/LAN/NOS Networking 1990–2000s Mini/WAN Mainframe • 1960–1970s • 1970–1980s • 1980–1990s Accelerating Technology Evolution NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  18. Internet Host Domain Growth, 1980-2000 80 70 60 50 40 30 Millions of Hosts 20 10 0 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 Year 1980 www.nw.com J.L. King, ICIS2K Keynote

  19. More than two billion users and counting… NetHui 2012, Auckland

  20. NetHui 2012, Auckland

  21. Evolution of the Internet Intelligent Internet Today’s Internet • Connectivity • Commodity: “plain old data service” • No integrated infrastructure for service creation • New differentiated services • Services tailored to market segmentation and value • Rapid deployment for services evolution and creation NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  22. Business Requirements are the Driver • Do more with less… • Support evolving applications quickly • Scale the network to accept new users • Reduce WAN and management costs • Consolidate infrastructure NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  23. Voice and Data • Voice • Can “lose” small % packets • Must arrive in order • Delay tolerance—low • Data • Can’t lose ANY packets • Can arrive out of order • Store and forward—delay tolerant NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  24. Two Solutions IntelligentQueuing MoreBandwidth NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  25. Internet Hierarchy There ISP POP Backbone ISP ISP POP NAP NAP Here • Routers and circuits • Multiple paths • Adaptive routing NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  26. Internet Architecture Characteristics Characteristics of the Internet that help it scale to meet user demand • Hierarchical • Common standards • Common protocols Source: Cisco

  27. Function of Protocol in Network Communication The importance of protocols and how they are used to facilitate communication over data networks A protocol is a set of predetermined rules NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  28. Function of Protocol in Network Communication Network protocols are used to allow devices to communicate successfully Source: Cisco

  29. Function of Protocol in Network Communication Example of different protocols and how they interact NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  30. Function of Protocol in Network Communication Technology independent Protocols Many diverse types of devices can communicate using the same sets of protocols. This is because protocols specify network functionality, not the underlying technology to support this functionality. NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  31. Layers with TCP/IP Benefits of using a layered model: - assists in protocol design - fosters competition - changes in one layer do not affect other layers - provides a common language NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  32. Layers with TCP/IP Protocol data units (PDU) and encapsulation NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  33. Layers with TCP/IP The process of sending and receiving messages Source: Cisco

  34. Addressing and Naming Schemes NetHui 2012, Auckland Source: Cisco

  35. The DP “Pendulum” • Centralized systems (mainframes, etc) • Distributed systems (PCs) • Networked systems • Client-Server computing • Application Service Providers (ASPs) • Cloud Computing NetHui 2012, Auckland

  36. Infrastructure pre- and UFB • Internet access network market sharein the pre UFB world (approx.): • 85% are on chorus copper • 10% are on other cable networks • with remaining 5% mainly mobile • UFB: Source: NZ Herald, 6 July 2012 NetHui 2012, Auckland

  37. Chorus Internet Infrastructure - Copper www Internet Provider • Chorus provides xDSL service to ISPs • Each home has ADSL, ADSL2+ or VDSL modem installed • Chorus UBA service aggregates traffic from homes and delivers to ISP via handover connection • Chorus provides second tier faults service to ISP • ISP provides authentication and first tier help desk • Analogue voice service provided over same copper pair • ISPs can alternatively install their own equipment in exchanges and cabinets then ‘rent dark copper’ to provide xDSL services Chorus Exchange DSLAM FTTN Cabinet DSLAM NetHui 2012, Auckland

  38. Chorus Internet Infrastructure – UFB Fibre www Internet Provider • Chorus provides UFB service to ISPs • Each home has ONT (Optical Network Terminator) installed with Ethernet and analogue voice ports. Up to 20 homes connected via one fibre to equipment using splitter in cabinet or exchange • Chorus UFB service delivers ISP a VLAN with traffic from homes via handover connection • Chorus provides 2nd tier faults service to ISP • ISP provides authentication and 1st tier help desk • ISPs can alternatively install their own equipment in exchanges and ‘rent dark fibre’ to provide services Chorus Exchange OLT FTTH Cabinet NetHui 2012, Auckland

  39. THANKS! Internet Infrastructure 101Up to Speed Session Jairo Gutiérrez jairo.gutierrez@aut.ac.z

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