Nationalism Ascendant Topic One 10/08/07 Period 2 APUSH Sarah, Jaron, Katie, Miriam, Abby, and Claire

1. Nationalism AscendantTopic One10/08/07Period 2APUSHSarah, Jaron, Katie, Miriam, Abby, and Claire

2. During President Jefferson’s and Madison’s terms three significant decisions changed history, specifically American nationalism. Those three events consist of: • Louisiana Purchase • Embargo Act (1807)/U.S. Tariff Policies • War of 1812

3. Before Louisiana Purchase • Background Info: - “Revolution of 1800” - Jefferson’s Democratic-Republican win • America remained consistent between the two-party system by keeping Federalist regimes intact, as well as changing some to create better conditions from the common people. • These new accomplishments led to the desire to buy New Orleans from France in 1802-1803

4. What was It? • An agreement between America and France made by James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston. • James Monroe was originally sent to Paris, to delegate a deal to receive solely New Orleans for $10 million. • However, he bought trans-Mississippi River and New Orleans from France for $15 million on April 30th, 1803, nearly doubling land owned by the United States. • Why did Napoleon sell? • Yellow Fever Spread in France • French troops weakened • Santa Domingo lost • Wanted to prevent America joining with Britain

5. Effects on Nationalism • Although exponential growth of the nation’s size gained pride, it also made it harder to control Americans. • Agriculture development • encouraged the rise of an industrial revolution, leading America towards prosperity. • Land growth resulted in opulence, which gained confidence in Americans shown through Nationalism.

6. Significance • United States’ land investment allowed the nation to unite as a majority, and make final decisions. • Common economic ideals were spreading unanimously among Americans. • Further ideas were building in order to reach the economic goals. • Americans’ desire to become a powerful nation resulted in national pride and an emerging identity.

7. Before the Embargo Act • After the Louisiana Purchase, Napoleon reentered war with Britain. • Britain dominated the ocean. Napoleon dominated the land. • Indirect economic conflicts between Britain and France put America in the middle. • Orders of Council, 1806 • Seizure of American ships and U.S. Sailors • Chesapeake ship conflict, 1807

8. What were The Embargo Act and US Tariffs? • President Jefferson’s peaceful coercion to avoid war • The Embargo (1807) meant there were to be no American exports. • To prove France and Britain’s dependency on America’s raw materials • Thus, causing them to stop the seizure of American ships and citizens. • The repeal of the Embargo on May 1, 1809, lead to the Non-Intercourse Act which opened trade with all nations except France and Britain. • Temporary solution until 1810, when it expired. • Congress, under Madison passes the Macon Bill • American trade will reopen the British and French economy if Britain and France eliminated the commercial restrictions held on each other’s ports.

9. Americans disliked the act -ironically, united Americans because of their common struggle -Americans did not want to seem overpowered by or dependent on, European trade. America’s stubborn desire to be recognized as a power and to be respected for their neutrality helps create the nationalist image that can be seen in American culture today. Effects on Nationalism

10. Significance Embargo Act • The formation of industrial factories • Jefferson did more economic destruction to his own country than to Britain or France. • Rebirth in Federalism US Tariff Policies • Congress realization of dependency on European trade • Loss of credibility to the American Congress • “Reality check”

11. Background before War of 1812 • Jefferson’s presidency: • Embargo Act (1807) • Followed by Non-Intercourse Act (1809) • Madison’s presidency: • Macon’s Bill Number 2 (1810) • Removed all trade restrictions • Asked England and France to remove trade laws • Would reinstate embargo on the one that did not

12. Commonly Believed Causes • War Hawks • Members of House of 12th Congress • War advocates • Indian violence on frontier • Territorial expansion • More indirectly, national honor. • Impressment • British forcing U.S. sailors into Royal Navy

13. The War • Congress declares war June 18, 1812 • Major events of war: • America advances first on Canada, defeated. • British strategy to blockade coast and raid. • Napoleonic Wars end, British send veterans • “Bladensburg races” • Burning of Washington • Plattsburg U.S. victory (defending New York) • New Orleans U.S victory (Andrew Jackson)

14. Lundy’s Lane

15. Effects on Nationalism • U.S. did not officially win, yet nor did they lose. • “Not one inch of territory ceded or lost.” • War forces union: sectionalism weakened. • Pride in American industrialism. • Rebuild Washington with sense of pride.

16. Significance • “America’s second War for Independence” • Established respect for nation. • Friendly relations with British. • Democratic-Republican “experiment” passed test of war. • Precursor to both “Era of Good Feelings” and the Panic of 1819.

17. Conclusion • It is proven that: • Louisiana Purchase • Expansion of land, resulting in economical growth through agriculture and trade which gained power for America, increasing nationalism. • Embargo Act & Tariff Policies • American’s dependency on European trade was initiated and taxes were reinstated in order to increase economy as manufacturing grew and America’s national power. • War of 1812 • Fight for American’s “independence”, to prevent foreign abuse, which resulted in national pride as American prospered through defeats.

18. Works Cited Page • “1816-1860: The Second American Party System and the Tariff.” Tax History Museum. • "Aaron Burr." Historic Valley Forge. 1998. Independence Hall Association. 4 Oct. 2007 <http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/served/burr.html>. • Barry, James P. "Louisiana Purchase." 1994. Gateway New Orleans. 30 Sept.-Oct. 2007 • <http://www.gatewayno.com/history/LaPurchase.html>. • Cerami, Charles A. Jefferson's Great Gamble. Naperville: Sourcebooks, Inc., 2003. 261-268. • Chesapeake conflict. [Online image] Available http://www. cache.eb.com/eb/ image?id=716&rendTypeId=4.October 5, 2007. • Dawson, Samuel E. Hand Book for the Dominion of Canada. Dawson Brothers, 2006. 06 Oct. 2007 <http://books.google.com/books?id=KALK5MoIvOsC&dq=canada+marching+jefferson>. • Embargo Act 1807 Cartoon [Online image] Available http://www.us-coin-values-advisor.com, October 6, 2007. • Finding, John E. Thackeray, Frank W.. The Unfinished Nation. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999. • Harrison, Maureen. Gilbert, Steve. Thomas Jefferson in his own words. New York: Barnes n Noble Books, 1996. • Jefferys, C. W. The Battle of Lundy's Lane. Government of Ontario Art Collection, Ontario. 05 Oct. 2007<http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/ENGLISH/exhibits/1812/big/big_001_lundysbattle.htm >. • Louisiana Purchase Map. French Creoles. French Creoles of America. 2 Oct. 2007 <www.frenchcreoles.com/LouisianaPurchaseMap.jpg>. • Miller, Hunter. Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America. Vol. 2. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1996. The Avalon Project Yale Law School. 30 Sept. 2007 <http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/france/louis1.htm>. • Richmond, Jim. American Flag. 2006. Yuba City, CA, Yuba City. Valley Metal Forge. Zen Cart. 04 Oct. 2007 <www.valleymetalart.com/images/American-Flag-Wall>. • "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty." PBS. 2001. The West Film Project. 30 Sept. 2007 <http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/one/louispur.htm>.