Mitosis/Meiosis How are they different?

1. Mitosis/MeiosisHow are they different?

2. Crossing over The exchange of DNA between the chromatid arms on homologous pairs is called ________________ This type of cell division used by bacteria to reproduce Binary fission

3. The mixing up of maternal and paternal chromosomes as they move apart during anaphase I is called ______________ Independent assortment The pairing up of homologous chromosomes during prophase I is called _________________ synapsis

4. Crossing over This diagram is showing _________________ During which phase does this happen? PROPHASE I of meiosis

5. Makes 2 daughter cells ______________ Makes haploid cells _______________ Divides twice but copies DNA once __________________ Used to repair injuries ______________ mitosis Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? meiosis meiosis mitosis

6. Makes 4 daughter cells ______________ Makes diploid cells _______________ Copies DNA every __________________ time it divides Used to make gametes ______________ Meiosis Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? mitosis mitosis meiosis

7. Makes 2n cells ______________ Crossing over happens _______________ Used when organisms __________________ grow bigger Used in sexual reproduction ___________ mitosis Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? meiosis mitosis meiosis

8. Testes and ovaries do it ____________ Body cells do it _______________ Crossing over happens ____________ Divides twice ______________ in a row meiosis Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? mitosis meiosis meiosis

9. Independent assortment_____________ happens Divides just once_______________ Used in oogenesis __________________ Makes cells identical to parent cell __________________ meiosis Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? mitosis meiosis mitosis

10. Type of cell division shown meiosis Body organ where you would expect to see the above happen Ovary or testes

11. Type of cell division shown mitosis Tell one reason why a cell would do this Grow organism bigger Repair injuries Replace worn out cellsAsexual reproduction

12. ovaries IN humans where does oogenesis happen? IN plants and some algae thediploid multicellular organism iscalled a ________________ sporophyte

13. Polar bodies The small cells produced when the cytoplasm divides unevenly during oogenesis are called ______________ Producing offspring without using sperm or eggs in which the DNA comes from only 1 parent Asexual reproduction

14. TRUE or FALSE Polar bodies will go on to become mature eggs FALSE; they will die The production of mature sperm is called ___________________ spermatogenesis

15. Type of reproduction in which offspring are produced by combining the genetic material from 2 parents A cell with only one copy of each chromosome is called ___________ Sexual reproduction Haploid OR 1n

16. diploid OR 2n A cell which has 2 copies of every chromosome is called _____________ Type of division that makes daughtercells which are different from the parent cell and different from each other meiosis

17. oogenesis The production of a mature egg is called ____________________ Phase in which INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT happens Anaphase I

18. Name 2 ways the DNA in cells getsrecombined in new ways during meiosis Crossing over OR independent assortment Phase during which SYNAPSIS happens Prophase I

19. 4 Spermatogenesis produces ____ mature sperm cells Phase in which CROSSING OVER happens Prophase I

20. How many mature eggs are produced during oogenesis? Only 1; the other 3 are polar bodies Chromosomes that do NOT determine sex are called ____________ autosomes

21. Tell one phase that is different inmeiosis than in mitosis Prophase I- Synapsis & crossing over Anaphase I- homologous partners separate instead of sister chromatids; independent assortmentMetaphase I- homologous pairs line up togetherInterphase II- No DNA is copied

22. tetrad The group of 4 chromatids of a homologous pair is called a ________________ This picture of an organism’schromosomes is called a _______________ karyotype

23. 44; 46 – 2 sex chromosomes How many autosomes do humanshave? A human with 2 X chromosomesis a _________ male female female

24. fertilization The joining of sperm and egg cellsis called _________________ A fertilized egg is called a _________________ zygote

25. Metaphase I- homomolgouspartners line up together Metaphase II- chromosomes line up separately Tell how metaphase I and metaphase II are different

26. testes IN humans where does spermatogenesis happen? In plants and some algae thehaploid multicellular organism is called a ________________ gametophyte

27. Sperm cell A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Ychromosome is a. a somatic cell of a male. b. a zygote. c. a somatic cell of a female. d. a sperm cell. e. an ovum. Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during a. mitosis. b. meiosis I. c. meiosis II. d. fertilization. e. binary fission. Meiosis I Campbell and Reese Self quiz

28. D Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced. If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x. b. 0.5 x . c. x. d. 2 x. e. 4 x. Still X; chromosomes haven’t split yet Campbell and Reese Self quiz

29. D Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced. The immediate product of meiosis in a plant is a a. spore. b. gamete. c. sporophyte. d. gametophyte. e. zygote. SPORE Campbell and Reese Self quiz

30. D Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced. If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x. b. 0.5 x . c. x. d. 2 x. e. 4 x. Still X; chromosomes haven’t split yet Campbell and Reese Self quiz

31. 2X cell copies DNA in S after G1, but hasn’t split yet If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x b. 0.5 x c. x d. 2 x e. 4 x If we continued to follow the cell lineage from the cell above, then the DNA content at metaphase of meiosis II would be a. 0.25 x b. 0.5 x c. x d. 2 x e. 4 x X- Back to X again; Cell has reduced # in meiosis I Campbell and Reese Self quiz

32. C Multicellular haploid organisms a. are typically called sporophytes. b. produce new cells for growth by meiosis. c. produce gametes by mitosis. d. are found only in aquatic environments. e. are the direct result of fertilization. Crossing over usually contributes to genetic variation by exchanging chromosomal segments between a. sister chromatids of a chromosome. b. chromatids of nonhomologues. c. nonsister chromatids of homologues. d. nonhomologous loci of the genome. e. autosomes and sex chromosomes. B Campbell and Reese Self quiz

33. In comparing the typical life cycles of plants and animals, a stage found in plants but not in animals is a a. gamete. b. zygote c. multicellular diploid. d. multicellular haploid D Campbell and Reese Self quiz

34. B Which of the following life cycles is seen in plants? A B C Animals Plants Most fungi & some algae & some protists

35. A Which of the following life cycles is seen in animals? A B C Animals Plants Most fungi & some algae & some protists

36. The following life cycles is seen in animals. Haploid gametes fuse to produce a 2n zygote via which process? FERTILIZATION

37. The following life cycles is seen in animals. Diploid organisms produce haploid gametes via which process? MEIOSIS

38. The following life cycles is seen in animals. A diploid zygote becomes a diploid multicellular adult via which process? MITOSIS

39. The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Diploid organisms produce haploid spores via which process? MEIOSIS

40. The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid spores produce haploid multicellular gametophytes via which process? MITOSIS

41. The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid multicellular gametophytes produce haploid gametes via which process? MITOSIS

42. The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid gametes produce a diploid zygote via which process? FERTILIZATION

43. Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase I Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II Interphase II INTERPHASE I or II ________________ DNA is all spread out as chromatin and nuclear envelope & nucleoli are visible ________________ Chromatin condenses; homologues loosely start pairing along their lengths ________________ Sister chromatids separate ________________ Homologous pairs line up in middle of cell PROPHASE I ANAPHASEII METAPHASEI

44. Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase I Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II Cytokinesis METAPHASE II ________________ Replicated chromosomes lined up along equator ________________ Division of cells produce four haploid cells ________________ Kinetochores attach to sister chromatids ________________ Each half of the cell has a haploid set of chromosomes; cells still joined CYTOKINESIS METAPHASE I or II TELOPHASE I