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Sec 17.1 Vector Fields

Sec 17.1 Vector Fields. DEFINITIONS: 1. 2. Examples : Sketch the following vector fields. 1. F ( x , y ) = − y i + x j 2. F ( x , y ) = 3 x i + y j. Example :. If f is a scalar function of three variables, then its gradient,

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Sec 17.1 Vector Fields

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  1. Sec 17.1 Vector Fields DEFINITIONS: 1. 2. Examples: Sketch the following vector fields. 1. F(x, y) = −yi + xj 2. F(x, y) = 3xi+ yj

  2. Example: If f is a scalar function of three variables, then its gradient, is a vector field and is called a gradient vector field. Definition: A vector field F is called a conservative vector fieldif there exists a differentiable function f such that The function f is called the potential functionfor F. Example: The vector field F(x,y) = 2xi + yj is conservative because if , then

  3. Sec 17.2 Line Integrals Definition Let C be a smooth plane curve defined by: If f is defined on C , then the line integral of f along Cis Notes: The value of the line integral does not depend on the parametrization of the curve, provided the curve is traversed exactly once as t increases from a to b. The value depends not just on the endpoints of the curve but also on the path. The value depends also on the direction (or orientation) of the curve.

  4. Line Integrals of Vector Fields Definition Let F = P(x, y, z) i + Q(x, y, z) j + R(x, y, z) k be a continuous vector field defined on a smooth curve C: r(t) = x(t)i+ y(t)j + z(t)k, a ≤ t ≤ b. Then the line integral of Falong Cis

  5. Sec 17.3 The Fundamental Theorem for Line Integrals Theorem: Let C be a smooth curve defined by: Let f be a differentiable function of two or three variables whose gradient vector is continuous on C . Then Note: This theorem says that we can evaluate the line integral of a conservative vector field simply by knowing the value of the potential function f at the endpoints of C. In other words, the line integrals of conservative vector fields are independent of path.

  6. Theorem: is independent of path in D if and only if for every closed path C in D. Theorem: Suppose F is a vector field that is continuous on an open connected region D. If is independent of path in D, then F is a conservative vector field in D; that is, there exists a function fsuch that

  7. Theorem: is a conservative vector field, where P and Qhave continuous first-order partial derivatives on a domain D, then throughout D we have Theorem: Let F = Pi + Qj be a vector field on an open simply-connected region D. Suppose that P and Q have continuous first-order derivatives and throughout D. Then F is conservative.

  8. Sec 17.4 Green’s Theorem Green’s Theorem: Let C be a positively oriented, piecewise-smooth, simple closed curve in the plane and let D be the region bounded by C. If P and Q have continuous partial derivatives on an open region that contains D, then

  9. An application of Green’s Theorem: If we choose P and Q such that then in each case, Hence, Green’s Theorem gives the following formulas for the area of D:

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