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A.V. Shirochkov and L.N. Makarova

Efficiency of the Russian Ground – Based VLF Navigational System Under Impact of the Space Weather Disturbances. A.V. Shirochkov and L.N. Makarova Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint- Petersburg, Russia.

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A.V. Shirochkov and L.N. Makarova

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  1. Efficiency of the Russian Ground – Based VLFNavigational System Under Impact of the Space Weather Disturbances A.V. Shirochkov and L.N. Makarova Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint- Petersburg, Russia

  2. The Russian ground-based VLF navigational system was designed to cover the whole huge territory of the country, which extends for ten hour belts in longitude.

  3. It consists of several transmitting and receiving stationslocated at the polar and middle latitudes. The system is used for communication purposes as well.The working frequencies are 11,9 kHz and 14,9 kHz. Efficiency of the system under impact of specific Space Weather disturbances is considered.

  4. VLF radio links of the Russian navigation system

  5. FIG. 1. Solar proton event of September 29-30,1989. • Curve 1- riometer (30 MHz) absorption at Dixon Island; • Curve 2- VLF phase variations at Novosibirsk-Anadyr radiopath; • Curve 3- VLF phase variations at Krasnodar-Anadyr radiopath; • Curve 4- averaged undisturbed VLF phase variations at Novosibirsk-Anadyr path; • Curve 4*-averaged undisturbed VLF phase variations at Krasnodar-Anadyr path

  6. FIG.2. Solar proton event of October 19-21,1989 • Curve 1- riometer (30 MHz) absorption at Dixon Island; • Curve 2- VLF (11,9 kHz) phase variations at Krasnodar-St. Petersburg radiopath;Curve 3- VLF (11,9 kHz) phase variations at Novosibirsk-St. Petersburg radiopath. 

  7. Fig.3 Solar proton event of October 19-21,1989.Curve 1- riometer (30 MHz) absorption at Dixon Island;Curve 2- VLF (11,9 kHz) phase variations at Komsomolsk/Amur-St.Petersburg path

  8. Figure 4. Diurnal variations of the VLF signals (phase and amplitude) on October 28, 2003 The panels indicate the following data (from top to bottom): phase at the link Novosibirsk - Krasnodar (11,9 kHz); phase at the link Novosibirsk - Khabarovsk (11,9 kHz); phase at the link Novosibirsk - St. Petersburg (ll,9;12,65;14,90 kHz); amplitude at link Novosibirsk - St. Petersburg (the same frequencies); phase at the link Krasnodar - St. Petersburg (ll,9;12,65;14,90 kHz);amplitude at the link "e“ AE-index variations (UT).

  9. Figure 5

  10. Figure 5a. Fluxes of energetic electrons above the Northern polar cap recorded by the Russian satellite CORONAS - F during the superstorm of October 28 -November 6,2003

  11. Figure 6. Diurnal variations of the VLF phase at the link Krasnodar - St. Petersburg (11,9 kHz) during Chernobyl catastrophe (at 04 UT on April 26,1986) -thick curve. Thin curve represents usual undisturbed VLF phase variations.

  12. SUMMARY • The Russian system of the VLF navigation radio links cover a great part of a vast territory of the country and plays important role in the whole navigation service of Russia. • Efficiency of the system is seriously deteriorated during severe Space Weather disturbances such as the powerful solar proton events and intense geomagnetic superstorms. • Analysis of the VLF phase variations during the recent superstorms allowed one to determine a real source of the middle latitude ionospheric disturbances. The precipitating electrons of relativistic and subrelativistic energies are capable to produce the observed ionospheric effects. • The data of the Russian and foreign VLF radio links were used to determine both polar and equatorial boundaries of energetic electrons zones of precipitation during the Space Weather disturbances. • Numerical estimations of the ionospheric effects could be made by evaluation of electron density variations. Such procedure could be done by using data of simultaneous satellite, VLF phase and riometer observations. • The Russian VLF navigation system could be used also for monitoring the technological catastrophes such as the nuclear power stations malfunctions.

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