Energy Sources and Uses

1. Energy Sources and Uses 12.1 a

2. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge • _______________ • Dwight ________________, 1960 • 19.5 million acres in northeast corner of _____________________ • 1968- U.S.’s ____________ ___________ at Prudhoe Bay Alaska discovered (West of ANWR) • Trans-Alaska _________ __________ built to transport oil to Valdez, Alaska

3. ANWR Energy Possibilities • Oilfield discovered below ANWR- _________ __________ aprox. 7 billion barrels • If ANWR opened up, would take ___ ________ before oil begins to flow out. • ________ ______________ barrels a day, same amount we were importing from _______ before the war in 2003 • That amount would be _____ of U.S. daily oil _________________ (in 2030) • Also estimated to hold 4 trillion ft3 of ______ ___

4. ANWR Wildlife • ________________ • 130,000 arrive to 1002 Area each summer to feed and produce ______________ • Musk ____________- herd of 250 • Wolves, ____________, grizzly bear, polar bear, lynx, many other _________, 95 species of migratory birds

5. ANWR Oil Development Impact • Could _______ Porcupine caribou herd and musk oxen closer to mountains- with more ______________ and less food • Would not be pristine wilderness anymore with oil ______, roads, ____________, villages

6. Political Battle Over Opening ANWR • Republicans & Bush Administration______ _______. • Major piece of national ________ _________ • Most _____________ against it • American public _________ or against • _____________ Eskimos for it – believe important to survival • ___________ Indians against it- they depend on caribou herd

7. Interior Department’s Geological Survey concluded that opening ANWR would _______ Caribou and other wildlife (reviewed ______ __________ of research) • Gale ____________ reversed decision when she became _________ _____________ in 2002.

8. Patriotism and International Politics • Bush administration • Matter of ________________ ____________ • Developing ANWR would ___________- U.S. dependence on ____________ oil • Oil Industry • U.S. oil reserves continuing to ____________ • Developing ANWR would provide thousands of ________ and __________

9. Other side • ______________ of Iraqi war believe war was more about _____ than Saddam Hussein or WMD • Many critics say the same about 1991 ____________ War

10. Oil Spills • Seem ______________ as oil is transported via ship from oilfields to refineries around the world. • __________ __________ 1989 spilled • 11 ___________ gallons of crude oil into Prince Edward Sound • Oil still ___________- into food chain • 2002- Prestige sank of ___________ coast, 21 million gallons

11. Harnessing Energy Sources: An Overview • Muscle Power • Coal • Oil • Natural Gas

12. Muscle Power • Early times and today in ___________ ________________ regions • Human muscle power: ________, indentured servants, ______ ________ workers • Domestic ____________ • For _____________ and transportation

13. Steam Engines • Launched the _______________ Revolution • Water boiled in a closed vessel to produce high pressure ________________ • Steam pushes a _______________________ back and forth in a cylinder • _______________ (connected to piston) turns the drive wheel of the machinery • Steam Engines became power source for: • Sawmills, ________ mills, steamships, steam tractors, etc.

14. Steam Driven Tractor fig 12-3

15. Coal • At first, ___________ used to heat water for steam engine, but became __________ • ___________ was used instead of wood • Dominant fuel from _______ to __________. • Coal also used for ___________, cooking, and industrial processes • In 1920’s- coal provided ________ of U.S. energy • 2002- _________

16. Drawbacks • _____________ and fumes- so bad, couldn’t see a ___________ away • ____________ to mine coal, dirty to handle • Large quantities of ________ to remove • Steam Engines very ________ and bulky

17. Oil • Late 1800s, 3 technologies ________ coal fired steam engines • Internal _______________ engine • Oil-well ________________ • _______________ of crude oil • Air Quality __________________ • New engines were ___________, lighter, and had more ___________- automobiles and planes benefited

18. Dependence on Oil • Since the __________, economic development has _________________ on technologies that consume gasoline and other oil products • 1951 Crude oil dominant energy source for U.S. • World wide- oil _________ Coal ________

19. Global Primary Energy Supply

20. Natural Gas • 3rd Primary _________ ____________ • Often found in search of ______ • Largely ______________- produces CO2 and H2O during ____________________- cleaner than oil or coal • At first, difficult to transport, so ___________ • Built network of ______________ to connect • Used for _____________, cooking, and industrial • No storage tanks required- ________________ and relatively inexpensive

21. Fossil Fuels- Crude Oil, coal, natural gas provide ___________ of U.S. energy consumption. Provide ____________ of world’s consumption Energy Consumption in U.S. Fig 12-5