Sociology: Ch 4 Sec 1 Definitions

1. Sociology: Ch 4 Sec 1Definitions “Social Structure” “Building Blocks of Social Structure” Standards: 4.11, 5.13

2. Section 1 Vocabulary • 1. Social Structure: Network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction • 2. Status: a socially defined position in a group or in society • 3. Role: behavior, right, and obligations expected of someone occupying a particular status

3. Types of Status • 4. Ascribed Status: assigned status given based on qualities that are out of a person’s control (Black/White) • 5. Achieved Status: Status achieved through own direct efforts • 6. Master Status: The status that plays the greatest role in shaping a person’s life and determining his or her social identity. • Can be ascribed OR achieved (U.S. Mostly achieved) • Ex: Occupation, wealth, marital status, and parenthood…etc.

4. Types of Roles • 7. Reciprocal Roles: corresponding roles that define the patterns of interaction between related statuses… huh? Ok: How can you perform the role of husband if there is no one there to perform the roles of the wife? (other Ex: Doctor/Patient; Sales Clerk/Customer)(Mini play dialogue between two people: Conversation expectations) Ex: Doctor: “take a deep breath”Patient: “No” Now, how does the doctor fulfill his role as doctor?

5. Role Expectation and Role Performance • 8. Role Expectations: Socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role • Ex: Police: “Protect and Serve” • 9. Role Performance: ACTUAL role behavior; does not always match behavior expected by society • Ex: Police brutality, child abuse…etc

6. Role Conflict and Role Strain • 9. Role Set: Different roles attached to a single status… Can lead to conflict • 10. Role Conflict: occurs when filling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status • Ex: “To be a good employee, one has to spend extra time at work; to be a good parent, one has to spend extra time at home” Both can NOT occur; a compromise has to be reached • 11. Role Strain: occurs when an individual has difficulty meeting expectations of a single status (ex: boss boosting morale and production

7. Basic Needs of Society • 12. Social Institution: When statuses and roles are organized to satisfy one or more needs of society • Needs… • -Provide physical and emotional support to members • -Transmit knowledge • -Produce goods and services • -maintain social control*

8. Sociology: Ch 4 Sec 2 “Types of Social Interaction” Standards: 3.2, 3.5

9. Exchange Theory • 13. Exchange: Whenever people interact in an effort to receive a reward or return for their actions • 14. Reciprocity: the idea that if you do something for some one, then that person “owes” you something in return… (Unwritten rule) • 15. Exchange Theory: People are motivated by “Self” interests in interactions with other people • People do things for rewards • Behaviors that are rewarded, are usually repeated

10. Competition • 16. Competition: Occurs when two or more people or groups oppose each other to achieve goal that only ONE can attain (winners and losers; dodgeball debate) • Very Common in “Western” societies • 17. Conflict: is the deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone, or to harm another person. (Few rules are often ignored)

11. 4 Sources of Conflict • Georg Simmel: • 1. Wars • 2. Disagreements within group • 3. Legal disputes • 4. Clashes over ideology • *Sometimes begin as competition • Read: “The Argument Culture” p. 70

12. Cooperation and Accommodation • 18. Cooperation: two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one person • 19. Accommodation: a state of balance between conflict and cooperation • COMPROMISE: We can rarely have everything that we want • Help to ensure social stability • VOCAB QUIZ