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EMOTION

EMOTION. Overview. How Does the Brain Process Emotion? How Can You Tell if Someone is Lying? What Causes Emotion ? What Makes People Happy?. How Does the Brain Process Emotion?. Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic functions (e.g., inhibit digestion)

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EMOTION

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  1. EMOTION

  2. Overview • How Does the Brain Process Emotion? • How Can You Tell if Someone is Lying? • What Causes Emotion? • What Makes People Happy?

  3. How Does the Brain Process Emotion? • Autonomic Nervous System • Sympathetic functions (e.g., inhibit digestion) • Parasympathetic functions (e.g., stimulate digestion) • Fight or Flight Response • Limbic System • Amygdala • Hypothalamus

  4. How Does the Brain Control Facial Expressions? • Voluntary expressions controlled by motor cortex • Involuntary expressions controlled by limbic system • Universality suggests innate component

  5. How Can You Detect a Lie? • Assumption is that lying is associated with emotions such as guilt and anxiety • Attempt to detect physiological correlates of these emotions

  6. Polygraph Test • Measure physiological changes • Galvanic Skin Response • breathing • blood pressure • High false alarm rates

  7. Detecting Lies from Facial Expressions • Trained observers can spot “faked” facial expressions • Based on voluntary vs. involuntary control

  8. What Causes Emotions? • James-Lange Theory • Schacter-Singer Theory

  9. James-Lange Theory • A situation causes physiological changes (heart rate, breathing, hormones) and behavior (running, fighting) • The brain labels the changes as emotions

  10. Evaluating the James-Lange Theory • Facial Feedback effect • Behavior Feedback effect • Similar physiological changes for different emotions (e.g., fear and anger)

  11. Schacter-Singer Theory • A situation causes physiological changes • We interpret environmental cues

  12. Evaluating the Schacter-Singer Theory • Interpretation of arousal depends on the context • Spillover effect in waiting room (Schacter & Singer)

  13. What Makes People Happy? • We are not very good at affective forecasting • Overestimate the emotional impact of positive events, e.g., winning the lottery • Underestimate our ability to adapt to negative circumstances, e.g., disability

  14. Subjective Well-Being • Although average income in the U.S. has increased dramatically, subjective well-being has not • Subjective well-being is not strongly correlated with overall wealth of nation

  15. What Does Predict Happiness? • Learned optimism • Engagement in meaningful activities • Work • Leisure • Spiritual • Doing good for others

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