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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. What is Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is an energy and food making process used by plants Which takes place in the plant organelles known as chloroplasts. Organisms that photosynthesize. Algae. In Aquatic Environments. Together called phytoplankton. Cyanobacteria.

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis

  2. What is Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis is an energy and food making • process used by plants • Which takes place in the plant organelles known • as chloroplasts.

  3. Organisms that photosynthesize Algae In Aquatic Environments Together called phytoplankton Cyanobacteria

  4. Organisms that photosynthesize On land PLANTS

  5. Plant structure • Obtaining raw materials • sunlight • leaves = solar collectors • CO2 • stomates = gas exchange • H2O • uptake from roots • nutrients • uptake from roots

  6. Structures involved in photosynthesis Leaf

  7. Stomates (stomata – singular)

  8. Tissue of leaf

  9. Mesophyll Cell

  10. Chloroplast Granum

  11. Structural Hierarchy of Photosynthetic Structures Leaf Mesophyll tissue Mesophyll cell with many chloroplasts Chloroplasts with many grana One thylakoid membrane of a grana

  12. Chloroplasts structure • double membrane • stroma • thylakoid sacs • grana stacks • Chlorophyll (the green pigment) is found in thylakoid membrane Granum

  13. Chlorophyll • Chlorophyll is a green • pigment. • Chlorophyll captures • light particles (photons) • to energize photosynthesis

  14. Chloroplast Basics • Chloroplasts: Site • of photosynthesis • Stroma: Site of Dark • Reactions (Light • independent) • Thylakoid: Site of • Light Reactions • (Light Dependent)

  15. Photosynthesis Overview • Photosynthesis has two parts: • - Light Reaction • - Dark Reaction • Reactants: Light, water, carbon dioxide • Products: Oxygen and organic compounds

  16. Photosynthesis: Chemical Equation Here is the basic chemical equation for photosynthesis: 6 CO2 (gas) + 6 H2O C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 (gas) In simple terms, Carbon Dioxide and Water react with light to make Glucose and Oxygen. light

  17. Photosynthesis Reactions • Photosynthesis consists of two parts: • The Light Reaction – light is collected • and moved through the Thylakoid • until ATP is made. • The Dark Reaction – with the aid of • ATP, CO2 is converted in the stroma • into organic compounds to be used • as food. (sometimes called Calvin Cycle)

  18. Photosynthesis Overview Photosynthesis Overview

  19. Photosynthesis Regulation • Photosynthesis is regulated by the following: • More light = more photosynthesis • More carbon dioxide = more photosynthesis • More water = more photosynthesis • High temperature = more photosynthesis • (photosynthesis will STOP at high temperatures)

  20. Cellular Respiration

  21. Cellular Respiration • The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP is called cellular respiration.

  22. Cellular Respiration • There are three stages of cellular respiration: • glycolysis • the citric acid cycle • the electron transport chain. • The first stage, glycolysis, is anaerobic—no oxygen is required. • The last two stages are aerobic and require oxygen to be completed. • Chemical equation for respiration is: • C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

  23. Cellular Respiration • 1st-glycolysis (in cytoplasm) • Anaerobic • 2 ATP produced

  24. Cellular Respiration • 2nd- Krebs cycle (in mitochondria matrix) • Also called citric acid cycle • With oxygen • 2 ATP produced

  25. Cellular Respiration • 3rd- electron transport chain (inner membrane of mitochondria) • Also called oxidative phosphorylation • With oxygen • 32 ATP produced

  26. Total 36 ATP!

  27. Fermentation • During heavy exercise, when your cells are without oxygen for a short period of time, an anaerobic process called fermentation follows glycolysis and provides a means to continue producing ATP until oxygen is available again. • It is also used by prokaryotes and protists in anaerobic habitats

  28. Fermentation 2 ATP Muscle Cells & 2 ATP 2 ATP

  29. Cell Respiration & Fermentation CO2 H2O +2 ATP +34 ATP

  30. Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis

  31. Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis

  32. Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis

  33. How is the energy released from ATP? AdensosineTriphosphate

  34. ATP

  35. ATP

  36. When the bond between the phosphate breaks energy is released! ATP – P = ADP Forms adenosine diphosphate ATP

  37. When the bond between the phosphate breaks energy is released! ADP – P = AMP Forms adenosine monophosphate ADP

  38. ATP is renewed

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