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Fossil Fuels Ch 13 Montgomery

Fossil Fuels Ch 13 Montgomery 1. Which of the following contributes directly to the saltiness of the ocean? A. Bed load of rivers B. Dissolved load of rivers C. suspended load of rivers D. none of the above Piedmont rain Miss. R. ocean Ca 2+ 16 0.7 42 400

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Fossil Fuels Ch 13 Montgomery

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  1. Fossil FuelsCh 13 Montgomery

  2. 1. Which of the following contributes directly to the saltiness of the ocean? A. Bed load of rivers B. Dissolved load of rivers C. suspended load of rivers D. none of the above

  3. Piedmont rain Miss. R. ocean Ca 2+ 16 0.7 42 400 Mg 2+ 3.4 0.1 12 1350 Na+ 26 0.6 25 10500 K+ 2.1 0.1 2.9 380 Cl- 38 0.6 30 19000 SO42- 13 2.2 56 2700 HCO3- 54 0.1 132 142 NO3- 0.6 2.4 0.5 Data from Montgomery & Railsback

  4. Both rivers have Dissolved loads In the form of ions 2. Which is the greatest reservoir of freshwater? A. lakes b. streams c. ice d. groundwater

  5. 2. Which is the greatest reservoir of freshwater? A. lakes b. streams c. ice d. groundwater

  6. Hydrologic cycle…note importance of groundwater and icereservoirs…and of course the ocean

  7. 7. When sea water evaporates, the 18O/16O ratio of the water vapor is A. higher than that of the seawater B. the same as that of the seawater C. lower that that of the seawater D. Depends on salinity of seawater

  8. 9. Evidence from _______________ can be used to infer the composition of the atmosphere in the past A. oxygen isotope ratio of ice in the Greenland ice cap B. air bubbles trapped in the Greenland ice cap C. oxgen isotope ratio shells in deep sea sediments D. all of the above Snow and rain are lighter, have less 18O than the water they form from

  9. Ice cores give annual records (light layers = summer, dust Rich layers)…air bubbles Trapped in ice gives Atmospheric composition

  10. Here is record for for an Antarctic Core Key observations?

  11. 12. Since the onset of the Industrial Age, CO2 in the atmosphere has • A. increased to about 100 times its pre-Industrial Age concentration • B. increased to about 10 times its pre-Industrial Age concentration • C. increased to about 1.3 times its pre-Industrial Age concentration • D. we think it has increased but we don’t know by how much

  12. Thus, Higher CO2 = higher air temperatures • -

  13. 18. The Mississippi River hypoxic zone refers to A. an area of low oxygen in bottom water in the river B. an area of low oxygen in bottom water in the Gulf of Mexico adjacent to the Mississippi River delta C. an area of low oxygen throughout the water column in the Gulf of Mexico adjacent to the Mississippi River delta D. all of the above

  14. Mississippi River hypoxia (dissolved oxygen , 2 mg/L)

  15. 19. The Mississippi River hypoxic zone is caused by A. industrial chemicals associated with the port of New Orleans B. seepage of oxygen-free gases such as methane from the ocean floor and/or riverbed C. fertilizer application to fields in the drainage basin of the Mississippi River D. all of the above

  16. N and P input correlate with Agricultural intensity

  17. Algae blooms and blooms of other aquatic vegetation can be stimulated by • introduction of nutrients in lakes and streams…these blooms cause • oxygen depletion in the lakes because • A. the algae use up the available oxygen • B. when they die, the decay process uses up oxygen • C. the bloom covers the water’s surface and doesn’t • allow oxygen to enter the water from the atmosphere • D. none of the above

  18. What happens when ;you add Nutrients….things grow

  19. Hypoxia = Deficiency Of oxygen Reaching Living tissues

  20. A tragedy such as the Woburn MA childhood leukemia • outbreak is less likely to happen now because • A. The Safe Drinking Water Act requires municpalities to monitor the quality • and contaminants in municipal drinking water • B. The Clean Water Act monitors and restricts pollultion of groundwater • C. The Clean Water Act monitors and restricts pollution of surface, navigable waters • D. all of the above

  21. Contaminants Move as Part of A “plume”

  22. 23. Which of the following is the least robust indicator of climate warming A. the rise of sea level B. the retreat of alpine glaciers C. the unusually high number record high temperatures in Georgia last summer D. All of these indicators are equally robust

  23. Today: air temperature Appears to be rising 10 hottest years on record Are red

  24. 26. If you evaporate a liter of seawater which mineral does not form by evaporation? A. halite, NaCl B. gypsum, CaSO4 C. calcite, CaCO3 D. All of the above form by evaporation

  25. Salinity…if you evaporate seawater you get calcite then gypsum (CaSO4), then salt, then sylvite, KCl

  26. 30. An example of a feedback mechanism in climate behavior includes: A. increased heating of the soils on top of Kilamanjaro due to the recession of the ice cap B. increased heating of the Arctic Ocean due to melting of sea ice C. increased cloud cover due to increased evaporation of the oceans D. all of the above

  27. Northern ice cap…to the right Snow cover 1979 versus 2003

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