Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Movement

Emmitt Till Story

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONJ9CUj6h-w • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMdSYxZqIXc

Brown v. B.O.E. Intro • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTGHLdr-iak

Brown v. Board of Education • 1951, Oliver Brown sued Topeka Kansas BOE to allow his 8 year old daughter Linda to attend a nearby school for whites only

Linda Brown • Parents were upset that she could not attend the all white school nearby • Forced to walk over a mile away to the black school • Wanted to challenge the “separate but equal” decision

Supreme Court • May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court issued its historic ruling • Declared “Separate but Equal” unconstitutional

Deliberate Speed • Made all public schools desegregate “with all deliberate speed” • Meant that Southern schools did not have to desegregate immediately

Reaction • Eisenhower privately disagreed • “The Supreme Court has spoken and I am sworn to uphold the constitutional processes in this country and I am trying. I will obey.” • Wasn’t racist, just did not think the country was ready for this yet; Believed in states’ rights

Southern Manifesto • Georgia governor Herman Talmadge made it clear that his state would not tolerate race mixing • Southern Manifesto Southern congressmen and senators who resisted this change

First Crisis • Little Rock, Arkansas in September 1957 • Arkansas governor Orval Faubus declared that he could not keep order if he had to enforce integration

Little Rock 9 Intro • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zkUpBctt0A

Little Rock 9 • Faubus had AR national guard troops at Central High School and instructed them to turn away the 9 little rock students who were set to attend

Little Rock 9 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH-eC4LgZT4 • Eisenhower could no longer avoid the issue • Eisenhower place the national guard under federal command

Faubus Backs Down • Under intense national pressure, Faubus withdrew the national Guard from the school • Students made it through two hours of class before a mob forced the police to sneak them out

Montgomery Bus Boycott • December 1955 • Rosa Parks took a seat in the middle section of a bus, where both African Americans and whites were allowed to sit

Arrested • Blacks were expected to give up their seat for white passengers if no other seats remained • Bus driver ordered Parks to give up her seat • She refused; at the next stop police arrested her

Bus Boycott • The idea of a boycott was proposed • Thought if they didn’t give the bus company business, then it would be forced to change its policy

Martin Luther King Jr

MLK • 26 yrs old • Minister at Baptist Church where first boycott meeting was held • over the next year, 50,000 blacks walked, rode bicycles, or joined car pools to avoid the buses

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QZik4CYtgw • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ1OO5iBWCQ

Supreme Court Decision • In 1956, the United States Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional

SCLC • The Montgomery Bus Boycott make MLK famous • His next move was to form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) • Advocated the practice of nonviolent protest, peaceful way of protesting against restrictive racial policies

Woolworth’s Sit-in

Sit-in • 4 black college students sat down at a segregated lunch counter • Waited the entire day without being served • Their patience encouraged others to join; In two days 85 more had joined

Woolworth Sit In Clip • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xbbcjn4d1cE

Letters From Birmingham Jail • 1963 • Birmingham Alabama, “Most segregated city in America” – MLK • Faced fierce protest from public safety commissioner Bull Connor

Role of JFK • JFK intervenes to ask that he not be sent to a labor camp • MLK’s wife feared he would be killed

Bull Connor • Used fire houses to blast protestors, would roll children down streets • Chased them with dogs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9kT1yO4MGg

MLK is Arrested • TV broadcast this across the nation, Americans were appalled • The protestors had won in achieving the attention they were seeking • America finally saw how bad it was

Civil Rights Movement