1 / 19

Chapter 15

Chapter 15. The Urinary System. Anatomy of the Kidney. General filter all blood every 30 minutes kidneys organs of excretion eliminate nitrogenous wastes (urea) eliminate toxins eliminate drugs excess ions excess water metabolic wastes. Regulate blood volume

lida
Download Presentation

Chapter 15

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 15 The Urinary System

  2. Anatomy of the Kidney • General • filter all blood every 30 minutes • kidneys organs of excretion • eliminate nitrogenous wastes (urea) • eliminate toxins • eliminate drugs • excess ions • excess water • metabolic wastes

  3. Regulate blood volume • make enzymes for blood pressure and red blood cell productions • composition of system • paired kidneys • urinary bladder • ureters • urethra • renal blood supply • renal artery --> kidney • kidney --> renal vein

  4. Nephrons • functional unit of kidney • 1 million per kidney, clean blood form urine • glomerulus • ball of capillaries, forces material to be filtered into • bowman’s capsule • transports materials (filtrate) into tubule • renal tubule • 1.25 inches • proximal convoluted tubule - reabsorption of water and solutes • loop of henle - reabsorption of Na and Cl ions • distal convoluted tubule - reabsorption of water • Na, Cl • collecting tubule • contains urine - nitrogenous wastes, water and salts

  5. Label with functions

  6. Urine Formation • Filtration • glomerulus • blood pressure • nonselective • Reabsorption • tubules --> capillaries • materials which need to be returned to blood • Secretion • capillaries --> tubules get rid of substances not contained in the filtrate

  7. Kidney Control of Blood Composition • Nitrogenous wastes • urea - break down of proteins • uric acid - breakdown of nucleic acids • creatinine - breakdown of creatine phosphate CP • Water and electrolyte balance • water • ADH ~ water to be reabsorbed • aldosterone ~ causes Na + to be going back to blood • polyuria ~ lose water and salt, DEHYDRATED • ANH ~ atrail natriueretic hormone lose Na+, lose water • electrolytes • Na +, K +, Cl -, Ca ++

  8. Blood acid - base balance • blood pH 7.35 - 7.45 • alkalosis • acidosis • buffers • pH goes up when kidneys excrete bicarbonate ions • pH goes down when kidneys reabsorb bicarbonate ions

  9. Urine Characteristics • Urinalysis • physical aspects – color, clarity, specific gravity, odor • chemical aspects - water, urea, salt, ions, pH • microscopic aspects – types of cells • Characteristics • color - clear to yellow • clarity - transparent • odor - odorless • pH - 5.5 to 8 • specific gravity - 1.001 - 1.035

  10. Urine output • 1-2 liters per day • 95 % water 5% organic and inorganic • volume • dilute urine or concentrated urine • Factors- heat, amount of sweat produced amount of liquids consumed, salt in diet • abnormal urine • glucose (glycosuria) , • proteins – albumin & ketones, • hemoglobin, bile pigments (brown) • reddish - blood, liver problem • red blood cells - bleeding, kidney stones • leukocytes - pus , milky - pus • green - bacterial infection

  11. Ureters • Structure • slender tubes, 10 -12 inches long • function • collect and transfer urine from all collecting tubules to bladder • Problems • kidney stones: • Uric Acid - forms crystals • Calcium (oxalate or phosphate) • Struvite (infection)

  12. Urinary Bladder • Functions • stores urine 500 ml can hold 1000 ml • expels urine 1-2 liters a day • Urethra • tube thru which urine is expelled • males - 8 inches , urine & sperm • females - 1.5 inches Urethritis inflammation of urethra • Sphincters • internal - smooth muscle relaxes 200 -300 ml • external – skeletal muscle

  13. Micturition • voiding - empty bladder • bladder contracts internal sphincter relaxes and external • incontinence - can’t control external sphincter • urinary retention - surgery, diseases, use catheter • cystitis • bladder inflammation can lead to kidney inflammation- pyelitis

  14. Aging of the Urinary System • Renal Function decreases with age • incontinence increases, nocturia • urinary tract infections increase • dysuria • painful urination • polyuria • frequent urination • oliguria - low urinary output • increase in prostate cancer

  15. Disorders • Infections • E. Coli • streptococcus --> glomerulonephritis • sexually transmitted diseases • polycystic kidney disease

More Related