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Notes 09/16 Class 03: Latin America GEO105: World Regional Geography

Notes 09/16 Class 03: Latin America GEO105: World Regional Geography. Michael T. Wheeler Syracuse University, Geography. Global Tectonics. Lecture slide 2. Subduction. Lecture slide 3. Oceanic Crust. Continental Crust. Lithosphere. Caribbean Tectonics. Lecture slide 4. Oceanic Crust.

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Notes 09/16 Class 03: Latin America GEO105: World Regional Geography

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  1. Notes 09/16Class 03: Latin AmericaGEO105: World Regional Geography Michael T. Wheeler Syracuse University, Geography

  2. Global Tectonics Lecture slide 2

  3. Subduction Lecture slide 3 Oceanic Crust Continental Crust Lithosphere

  4. Caribbean Tectonics Lecture slide 4 Oceanic Crust Continental Crust Lithosphere

  5. Range of Central American Volcanoes Lecture slide 5 Oceanic Crust Continental Crust Lithosphere

  6. Seismic Danger Lecture slide 6

  7. Lecture slide 7 Landforms of Latin America Figure 8.3: Physical regions and landforms of Latin America (p. 346)

  8. Lecture slide 8 Climate regions Figure 8.7: Climate regions of Latin America (p. 352)

  9. Lecture slide 9 Atmospheric Circulation Figure 2.8: Atmospheric Circulation (p. 41)

  10. Lecture slide 10 Atmospheric Circulation – Central America

  11. Lecture slide 11 Orographic Rainfall Figure 2.9: Orographic rainfall on a trade wind coast (p. 42)

  12. Lecture slide 12 Altitudinal Zonation Figure 8.8: Altitudinal zonation (p. 353)

  13. Lecture slide 13 Pre-Columbia Civilizations Figure 8.13: Maya, Aztec, and Inca adaptations to environment (p. 358)

  14. Lecture slide 14 Languages Figure 8.20: Languages of Latin America (p. 373)

  15. Lecture slide 15 Voyages of Discovery (Conquest) Figure 8.14: Colonial voyages and the Treaty of Tordesillas (p. 359)

  16. Lecture slide 16 Spanish World Empire

  17. Lecture slide 17 Spanish Trade Routes

  18. Lecture slide 18 Colonial Pacific Trade Routes

  19. Lecture slide 19 Caribbean Trade Routes

  20. Lecture slide 20 Colonial Shipping

  21. Lecture slide 21 Iberian Imperial Structure 8.1: Latin America

  22. Lecture slide 22 Imperial Differences • English (United States) • Common law (jury) • Protestant • Agricultural • No inter-marriage w/ Native Americans • French (Canada) • Roman law • Catholic • Interior trade. Settlement only: coasts, St. Lawrence, Louisiana, Illinois • Generally tolerant view of First Nations • Spanish (Latin America) • Catholic • Army / Church / Merchants • Convert the Indians to Christianity • Lots of inter-marriage

  23. Lecture slide 23 Break 8.18: Population Distribution of Latin America 1995

  24. Lecture slide 24 Review Questions • Mapping Exercise 2: Mapping Ecosystems • Textbook maps (8.1 (343), 8.3 (346), 8.7 (352)) • 393: U4 “How did the Spanish organize their colonies? What were the two main forms of agriculture? What role did encomienda, repartimiento, and slavery play? What exports to Spain?” • 393: G2 “During the colonial era, how did racial, ethnic and class distinctions divide Latin American societies?” • Mapping Exercise 1: Mapping Ethnic and Racial Composition • Textbook, map 8.1 (343), table 8.1 (370)

  25. Lecture slide 25 Ethnic and Racial Composition • p. 370

  26. Lecture slide 26 Mapping Exercise 1 Map 8.3, p. 58

  27. Lecture slide 27 Slave Triangle Figure 6.14: The slave trade (p. 249)

  28. Lecture slide 28 Slave Flow, by Century Figure 6.14: The slave trade (p. 249)

  29. Lecture slide 29 African Diaspora • estimated slave imports • during whole period of Atlantic slave trade • Thousands (000s) • scale • 1:75 000 000 estimated % of population entirely or partially of African descent

  30. Lecture slide 30 African Diaspora, Caribbean • estimated slave imports • during whole period of Atlantic slave trade • thousands estimated % of population entirely or partially of African descent

  31. Lecture slide 31 U.S. South – ‘Jim Crow’ Laws • Legalized Segregation • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • “separate but equal” • Homer Plessy 1/8 black • Sitting in ‘White’ RR Car

  32. Lecture slide 32 Latin America castas • Euro-American • peninsulares (Iberian) • criollos (whites born in the Americas) • mestizo: white (European) and American Indian • Originally applied to Phillipines, Malays • mulatto: (Spanish / African) • zambo: (African / Indian) • Example of Brazil • Slaves finally freed in 1888 (the Lei Áurea) • “Racial democracy” • Racial correlation of favelas (p. 384) with African descendents

  33. Lecture slide 33 New Colonial Powers: U.K. and U.S. • Rebellion from Spain, 1820s • U.S. : Monroe Doctrine, 1823 • U.K.: de facto economic hegemon • U.S. Worldview, 1900 (this map)

  34. Lecture slide 34 U.S. Interventions in Latin America (Also see Figure 8.16: U.S. interventions in Latin America (p. 365)

  35. Lecture slide 35 Panama (p. 389)

  36. Lecture slide 36 Review • Physical Hazards • Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Hurricanes, El Niño (ENSO) • Legacy of Colonialism • Spanish / British / America • Trade • Export crops OR local consumption? • Global or regional trade (WTO or NAFTA?) • Race • The “Red, White, and Black Continent” • Economic consequences

  37. Lecture slide 37 Debt, Trade, and Migration 8.19: Major migration streams in Latin America (p. 372) • Developing country debt • Export goods • Global trade • hope and disappointment • Migration

  38. Lecture slide 38 Next Week • Research Project • Two-paragraph summary of your study area • Reading • Chapter 11: 492-537 • Review • p. 535: Testing Your Understanding: 4, 5, 7, 10 • p. 536: Thinking Geographically: 1, 5 • Map Workbook: • p. 84-5 (use map on pages 87).  Mapping Exercise 1: "Geopolitical Conflict," 1-5 • Web Page: • classes.maxwell.syr.edu/geo105_f04/class_notes/04-Review.htm

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