Chp 10: Human Geography of Latin America

1. Chp 10: Human Geography of Latin America A Blending of Cultures

2. Take Five…Finish the diagram—which countries (regions—make up Latin America)

3. Mexico--History • Native American groups (1200 AD) • Toltecs, Mayans, Aztecs, etc • Spanish conquest • Hernan Corte’s (1521) • Stealing the Aztec gold • Independence from Spain (1821) • Agustin de Iturbide

4. Hernan Cortes v Chief Montezuma

5. Tenochtitlan Mexico City

6. Take Five…Remembering the Columbus Exchange… • What can you infer about the Latin American relationship (regarding the Columbus Exchange) from your knowledge of the Exchange in North America?

7. Mexico—Government (Current) • Problem with land distribution • Wide gaps between rich and poor • Civil war • Diaz vs. Madero, Villa & Zapata • PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) • Controlled government for 71 years • Executive (6 yr term), Bicameral legislature, judiciary • Nation Action Party (2000) • Felipe de Jesus CALDERON Hinojosa

8. Felipe de Jesus CALDERON Hinojosa

9. Lasting implications of Spanish/Mexican interactions • Language • Customs • Catholic church • Mestizo Population • Encomiendas systems • Architecture & art

10. Mexico-Economy • Traditional agricultural economy • Tourism • Struggling industrial economy • Movement to cities • Oil • Manufacturing (North) • Maquiladoras • Assemble imported materials into finished products • NAFTA—reduces (eliminates) tariffs

11. Take Five… • Use your textbook (pg 220) to complete the Skillbuilder questions.

12. Challenges facing Mexico Today • Lack of jobs, education and land force people to emigrate • Illegal drug markets

13. Drug Cartels

15. Central America • Central America is an isthmus between North and South America • Mayan Empire • Spread across entire region • Military alliance and trade • Abandonment and decline • Spanish conquest • United Provinces of Central America (1823) • 1830’s: El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala & Honduras (Panama, Belize)

16. The Caribbean • Natives • Taino • Settled by numerous European countries • Prosperous Sugar Cane (RUM) • Imported African labor • Slave revolt (Haiti 1790s)

17. Take Five… • Use your textbook (pg 224) to complete the Skillbuilder questions.

19. Caribbean--Culture • Strong European and African influences • Catholic, Protestant, Native Religions as well as Voodoo • Music • Reggae and Calypso • Various languages • Spanish, Dutch, English, French, Danish

20. Caribbean—Economy • Sugar Cane Farming • Bananas, citrus fruits, coffee and spices • Trade • Panama Canal • Tourism • Informal economy • Street vendors, shoe shiners, other services

21. But why is the rum gone?

22. Take Five… • What countries make up South America?

23. South America--History • Natives • Incan empire • Ecuador to Argentina • Cuzco • Spanish conquest • Francisco Pizarro • Economic and political domination • Native rebellion • Simon Bolivar • Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Bolivia • Jose de San Martin • Argentina, Chile and Peru

24. South America--Government • Regional political instability • Military dictatorships • Oligarchies • Underdevelopment • Social class differences

25. South American--Culture • Strong Spanish heritage • Literature, art and music • Celebration of South American independence • Craftsmanship

26. South America--Economy • Agriculture—Argentina, Chile & Uruguay • Mining—Bolivia & Chile • Fishing—Peru & Ecuador • Oil--Colombia & Venezuela

27. South America—Challenges • Education—literacy is important • Free public education • Higher education • Political instability • Military dictatorships • Ex: General Pinochet

28. The Great Divide… • The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) • Spain = West • Portugal = East

29. Brazil--History • Natives • 1.5 million native peoples • Portuguese conquest • Sugar plantations • Portuguese colony until 1822 • Dom Pedro (son of Portugal’s King)

30. Brazil--Culture • Blended cultures: native, European & African • Largest Catholic population in the world • Protestant as well as native religions

31. Brazil--Economy • One of the most industrialized countries in Latin America • Tourism • Abundant natural resources • Mining • Agriculture • Steel • Automobile mfg. • Ethanol from sugar cane rather than fuel

32. Brazilian Push/Pull factors • Migration to the cities • Migration to the interior

33. Take Five… • What common challenges do all areas of Latin America face?

34. Chp 11: Today’s Issues: Latin America • Social class differences • Most people are illiterate • Most people cannot find jobs • Most people live in the slums • Poverty • Ex: 45% of Brazilians are impoverished • $2.00 per day

35. Destroying our Rain Forest Resources • Why do we care? • Rainforest vegetation helps to clean the earth’s atmosphere • Rainforest is home to numerous plant and animal species • 50 million acres destroyed every year

36. Destroying our Rain Forest Resources • Why is the rainforest being destroyed? • Timber—mahogany and cedar • Cutting down the rainforest leads to erosion • Livestock has been introduced into the rainforest area • ½ the Amazon rainforest is located in Brazil • Population growth • Development of communities

37. Take Five… • Use your textbook to complete the Skillbuilder questions on pg 245

38. Results of Rainforest Destruction? • Deforestation—long term damaging effects • Global warming—rainforests help to regulate the earth’s climate • Absorbs carbon dioxide and produces oxygen • Slash and burn creates carbon dioxide • Endangering plant and animal species • Endangering medical research

39. Discussion of rainforest resources… • Will “debt-for-nature-swap” work?

40. Political instability • Oligarchies, Juntas and Caudillos • Seeking democratic reform • Constitutional government • Free elections • Need for education and prosperity • Seeking land ownership reform • Breaking up large estates of wealthy-often corrupt political elite and giving land to the poor