International Comparative Social Research: Methods and Impact in the 1990s and 2000s

1. Janez Štebe,ADP, Univerzav Ljubljani ZMOŽNOSTI MEDNARODNIH ANKETNIH DRUŽBOSLOVNIH PRIMERJALNIH RAZISKAV (priredba predstavitve iz STATISTIČNI DNEVOV 2006 za študente Anketne metodologije, 2007)

2. 1990’in2000’: obdobje kontinuiranih mednarodnih primerjalnih anketnih raziskav • V predstavitvi je poudarek na dveh najuglednejših akademskih primerjalnih anketnih raziskavah novejšega časa: • International Social Survey Program – ISSP – Mednarodni program družboslvonih raziskav, in • European Social Survey (ESS) – Evropska družboslovna raziskava. • Kakšen je njihov pomen, uporabnost za družboslovno raziskovanje?

3. Ugotavljanje kakovosti za dani namen: NA PODLAGI: • Vsebine • Uporabljenih metod • Dostopa do podatkov

4. Bogata vsebina • Širok nabor subjektivnih indikatorjev o družbenem življenju in razmerah, tipi podatkov: • stališča, • Prepričanja in ocene družbenih razmer in posameznikovega položaja , • Poročila o navadah, objektivni podatki • Pri izboru indikatorjev upoštevajo znanstvene kriterije pomena: • Tako da zadostijo stalno prisotnemu zanimanju za določene teme in na podlagi akademske radovednosti • Primerjalni značaj s širokim naborom evropskih in držav sveta, sistematično ponavljanje posameznih tematskih sklopov v časovnih intervalih

5. Metodološka izpopolnjenost • Merjenje • Izdelava vprašalnikov za več držav, ki so funkcionalno enakovredna za dane populacije • Doseči ne le veljavnost samo zase, ampak veljavnost v mednarodnem okviru • Isti vidiki razlik v jezikih, kulturi in družbeni strukturi, ki naredijo mednarodno primerjalno razikovanje analitično zanimivo, predstavljajo oviro pri doseganju enakovrednosti merjenja • Ukrepi za doseganje cilja • Pilotsko testiranje in ustrezen izbor indikatorjev • Ugotavljanje veljavnosti in zanesljivosti • Standardizacija merjenja in kumulativnost indikatorjev • V okviru analiz je potrebno biti seznanjen s posebnostmi podatkov in pazljiv pri uporabi podatkov, da se izognemo napačnim zaključkom

6. Pristop k zagotavljanju kakovosti • Izdelava vodičev po postopkih za zagotavljanje standardizacije procesa izdelave podatkov • Vzorčenje, prevajanje, potek izvedbe ankete • Izvajalci so akademske ustanove z daljšp tradicijo in ugledom v posameznih državah, • Visoke ciljne stopnje sodelovanja, • Harmonizacija spremenljivk v nacionalnih datotekah, • Podrobna dokumentacija preostalih posebnosti, podrobno poročanje in pregled indikatorjev izvedbe – korenček in palica www.europeansocialsurvey.org

7. Lahek dostop najširših skupin uporabnikov • Sekundarna analiza je primarni namen • Pri pogojih dostopa nimajo izvajalci raziskave nobenih prednosti • Dostop je olajšan preko mreže podatkovnih arhivov, ki sodelujejo tudi pri spodbujanju širše uporabe podatkov

8. ESS - 3 main aims • To produce rigorous trend data about changes in people’s underlying values • To surmount the longstanding obstacles to comparability in the conduct of cross-national surveys • To achieve recognition for reliable social indicators and attitudinal measures

9. ESS organisation Specialist advisory groups Scientific Advisory Board Funders’ Forum Q’n Module Design Teams Methods Group 25+ National Coordinators & Survey institutes Central Coordinating Team Sampling panel Country 1 Country 2 Country 3 Translation taskforce ETC

10. 32 participating countries in Rounds 1-3 Austria*Ireland* Slovenia* Belgium*Italy Spain* Bulgaria Israel Sweden* Czech RepublicItaly Switzerland* CyprusLatviaTurkey Denmark*Luxembourg UK* EstoniaNetherlands* Finland*Norway* France*Poland* Germany*Portugal* Greece Romania Hungary* Russia IcelandSlovakia *all three rounds

11. Core questionnaire - structure • Socio-political attitudes • Trust in institutions • Political interest & participation • Socio-political orientations • Multi-level governance • Values and quality of life • Underlying moral & social values • Social inclusion & exclusion • National, ethnic, religious allegiances • Well-being, health, security • Socio-demographic background variables • Demographic composition • Educational & occupational background • Financial circumstances • Household circumstances

12. Rotating modules Round 1 (2002): - Immigration - Citizenship, involvement and democracy (CID) Round 2 (2004): - Family, work & well-being - Economic morality in Europe - Health and care seeking Round 3 (2006): - Personal and Social Well-being: Creating indicators for a flourishing Europe - The Timing of Life: The organisation of the life course in Europe

14. ISSP: The four founding members agreed to • jointly develop modules dealing with important areas of social science • field the modules as a fifteen-minute supplement to the regular national surveys (or a special survey if necessary) • include an extensive common core of background variables • make the data available to the social science community as soon as possible.

15. Questionnaire drafting • The topics for the ISSP yearly surveys are developed over several years by a sub-committee and are pre-tested in various countries. • The annual plenary meeting of the ISSP then adopts the final questionnaire. • ISSP questions need to be relevant to all countries and expressed in an equivalent manner in all languages. • The questionnaire is originally drafted in British English and then translated into other languages.

16. The ISSP marks several new departures in the area of cross-national research • the collaboration between organisations is not ad hoc or intermittent, but routine and continual. • makes cross-national research a basic part of the national research agenda of each participating country • by combining a cross-time with a cross-national perspective, two powerful research designs are being used to study societal processes.

17. 2008 - Religion III 2007 - Leisure and Sports 2006 - Role of Government IV 2005 - Work Orientations III 2004 - Citizenship 2003 - National Identity II 2002 - Family and Gender Roles III 2001 - Social Relations and Support Systems ('Social Networks II') 2000 - Environment II 1999 - Social Inequality III 1998 - Religion II 1997 - Work Orientations II 1996 - Role of Government III 1995 - National Identity 1994 - Family and Changing Gender Roles II 1993 - Environment  1992 - Social Inequality II 1991 - Religion 1990 - Role of Government II 1985/1990 - Role of Government I and II 1989 - Work Orientations 1988 - Family and Changing Sex Roles 1987 - Social Inequality 1986 - Social Networks and Support Systems 1985 - Role of Government Study Profileshttp://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/index.htm

18. Methodological characteristics • The sample is a national representative random sample of the adult population, designed to achieve a minimum of 1,000 cases. • Documented data files of each national group, together with technical details of the survey methods, are to be sent to the Data Archive without delay. The Data Archive will offer individual national datasets as well as a combined dataset to the scientific community. • Mode of interviewing: personal interview, face to face or by telephone, self-completed drop-off, mail

19. ISSP Methodological Research • The ISSP Methodology Group consists currently of actually five groups working on different areas of cross-cultural methods, all concerned with issues of equivalence: • translation • mode effects • demographic comparability • non-response • questionnaire design

20. Slovenia is officially contributing to ISSP project since the independence, 1990 • Part of a research project Slovene public opinion survey conducted by Public opinion and mass communication research centre, University of Ljubljana • 15 thematic modules of ISSP bring Slovenia into a world map with potentials of cross-country and longitudinal comparative analysis • Research infrastructure – publication output is broader then members of a research team only • Ad hoc financial support inside basic research projects and program scheme does not correspond to a infrastructure character of ISSP – there is a risk of failing to fulfil obligations of membership in international collaboration

22. Tuji arhivi družboslovnih podatkov in specializirani projekti • CESSDA - Council of European Social Science Data Archives • CSES - The Comparative Study of Electoral System • EES - European Election Studies • ESS - European Social Suvey • EVS - European Values Study • FFS - Fertility and Family Surveys • ICPSR – The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research • IFDO – International Federation of Data Archives • ISJP - International Social Justice Project • ISSP - International Social Survey Programme • Volivne raziskave Vzhodne Evrope - Wahlstudien aus Osteuropa www.europeansocialsurvey.org

23. ESS/ISSP Data Access • http://zacat.gesis.org • http://ess.nsd.uib.no/ • janez.stebe@fdv.uni-lj.si www.europeansocialsurvey.org

24. Dostop do drugih mednarodnih mikropodatkov • http://www.esds.ac.uk/International/access/micro.asp • http://www.esds.ac.uk/International/access/keyDatasets.asp www.europeansocialsurvey.org

25. Preostanek je namenjen predstavitvi Arhiva družboslovnih podatkov in iskanju ter naročanju podatkov www.europeansocialsurvey.org

26. Naloge Arhiva • Poizvedovanje in pridobivanje podatkov • Ravnanje s podatki • Posredovanje in razširjanje podatkov uporabnikom www.europeansocialsurvey.org

27. Viri podatkov • Akademski raziskovalni projekti • Po naročilu vlade (npr. PB), iz virov Statističnega urada, • Tržne in javnomnenjske raziskave (Mediana, CATI, Gral – Iteo), • Iz tujih arhivov www.europeansocialsurvey.org

28. Splošni pogoji in omejitve uporabe • Podatki se izročijo samo za določen namen • Uporabnik se zavezuje skrbeti za takšno ravnanje s podatki, da je ohranjena tajnost podatkov • Seznanjena uporaba (upošteva metodološka in konceptualna izhodišča ter omejitve raziskave) • Citiranje podatkov po modelu navajanja literature www.europeansocialsurvey.org

29. Kako do podatkov? Preko predstavitvene strani ADP na Internetu http://www.adp.fdv.uni-lj.si/ www.europeansocialsurvey.org

30. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

31. Poglejmo kako izgleda opis raziskave v primeru raziskave Slovensko javno mnenje 2002/2: “Evropska družboslovna raziskava”. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

32. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

33. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

34. METODOLOGIJA (podatki o raziskavi) • Datum zbiranja podatkov • Geografsko pokritje / enota • Enota za analizo • Populacija • Tip vzorca • Uteževanje • Način zbiranja podatkov www.europeansocialsurvey.org

35. Nesstar je virtualna podatkovna knjižnica, ki omogoča iskanje, lociranje, pregledovanje in snemanje mnogo raznovrstnih statističnih in drugih podatkov in metapodatkov. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

36. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

37. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

38. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

39. Iskanje spremenljivke www.europeansocialsurvey.org

40. Napredno iskanje www.europeansocialsurvey.org

41. Rezultat iskanja besede “OTROKA” www.europeansocialsurvey.org

42. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

43. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

44. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

45. www.europeansocialsurvey.org

46. www.europeansocialsurvey.org www.europeansocialsurvey.org

47. http://ess.nsd.uib.no/ www.europeansocialsurvey.org

48. http://zacat.gesis.org www.europeansocialsurvey.org