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Mussolini (Il Duce) and Fascism

*. Mussolini (Il Duce) and Fascism. 1. quick shift to the right during WWI 2. Fascio di Combattimento 3. Squadristi and Black Shirt thugs 4. Catered to middle and upper class--class fear. 5. October 30, 1922--March on Rome--Prime Minister

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Mussolini (Il Duce) and Fascism

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  1. *

  2. Mussolini (Il Duce) and Fascism • 1. quick shift to the right during WWI • 2. Fascio di Combattimento • 3. Squadristi and Black Shirt thugs • 4. Catered to middle and upper class--class fear. • 5. October 30, 1922--March on Rome--Prime Minister • 6. After Acerbo law of 1924 gained control of Parliament • 7. 1929—Lateran Accords • 8. Never as totalitarian as Hitler or Stalin

  3. Fasces

  4. Life of a Tyrant: Notes on Hitler http://hsgm.free.fr/liens/hitler.jpg

  5. A. Early Background Hitler Sketch 1914-----------> • Born in Austria in 1889 (100 years before Mr. Gnass graduated from high school) • Rejected from Vienna’s prestigious art school. • Moved to Germany and joined the army; fought in WWI

  6. B. Hitler and the Nazi Party--the 20s • 1. Joined the National Socialist Germans Worker Party (Nazis) • 2. Formed a group of Brown shirts, which later became storm troopers (Sturmabteilung--SA) that would beat up people who disagreed with him.

  7. 1923: Beer Hall Putsch –Violent Uprising! • 3. Under the control of Adolf Hitler, Nazis attempt to seize control of the government by force in Munich. This is called the Beer Hall Putsch (1923) • 4. Lesson: not many good ideas come from beer Halls--so don’t drink! • Until you’re 21 or drafted into the military. • 5. Hitler went to prison; wrote Mein Kampf

  8. C. Hitler’s Ideas and Goals • 1. Fuhrer principal--Germany must be ruled by a single, strong leader who has great power. • 2. Liberate Germany from the shackles of the Treaty of Versailles • 3.To unite Germanic peoples in the Third Reich • 4. To Establish in Eastern Europe the German Lebensraum (living space) Need more land.

  9. 5. Race: some races are better than others. The best races are “pure” ones. Germans, who belong to the Aryan race, must keep themselves pure. • He took his ideas on race from Madison Grant, an American lawyer and historian. His book The Passing of the Great Race, was Hitler’s favorite. • 6. Anti-semitism: Jews are the biggest threat to German purity. They helped bring Germany’s defeat in WWI.

  10. Other ideas • 7. Communism is bad; it says people all over the world have something in common. It Lives! Deutschland!

  11. D. How He Took Over Depression in the early 1930s made more people vote for the Nazis. 2. Hitler shifted focus to middle-class voters in rural areas. Couldn’t win urban workers from Socialists and Communists 3. Increased success from 1930-32 4. With support from right wing elite, Hitler was appointed Chancellor by German President Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg.

  12. Then in 1933……

  13. THE REICHSTAG FIRE 3. After the Reichstag burned down, the Communists (a political party) were banned from the Reichstag--no more opposition February 27, 1933

  14. March 1933 4. With the Communists were banned from the Reichstag Hitler was able to pass: THE ENABLING ACT HITLER CAN RULE Germany FOR FOUR YEARS. NO NEED TO CONSULT THE REICHSTAG.

  15. 5. Gleichschaltung • All branches/institutions of German society under Nazi control • Labor unions were outlawed • Jews were purged of government jobs

  16. June 1934 6. The Night of the Long Knives • 30th June 1934 - Hitler’s S.S. killed over 100 S.A. (including Ernst Rohm) and army leaders • Hitler won the army’s support • He was now in complete control.

  17. August 1934 HINDENBURG DIES 6. Hitler COMBINED THE ROLE OF CHANCELLOR AND PRESIDENT. HE CALLED HIMSELF ‘DER FUHRER’. 7. He now rules Germany alone!

  18. August 1934 Oath of Loyalty: Every soldier swore a personal oath of loyalty to ADOLF HITLER. "I swear by God this sacred oath that I shall render unconditional obedience to Adolf Hitler, the Führer of the German Reich, supreme commander of the armed forces, and that I shall at all times be prepared, as a brave soldier, to give my life for this oath."

  19. A Few Nazi Followers Below

  20. Hermann Goering • 1. Former WWI fighter pilot, and SA leader. Most known as leader of the Luftwaffe. Also a morphine addict

  21. Joseph Goebbels • Reich Minister of Propaganda. • Confidant of Hitler • Virulent anti-semite

  22. Heinrich Himmler • Head of the SS (schutzstaffel--protection squad) and the Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei--Secret State Police) and Einsatzgruppen. • Chief architect of the Holocaust

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