1 / 16

Cell organelles

Cell organelles. Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton: Supports and shapes cell Helps position organelles Helps cell movement and division Consists of microtubules and microfilaments Cytoplasm: A.K.A. Cytosol The fluid (jelly-like) substance found throughout the cell

lila-bright
Download Presentation

Cell organelles

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cell organelles

  2. Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton • Cytoskeleton: • Supports and shapes cell • Helps position organelles • Helps cell movement and division • Consists of microtubules and microfilaments • Cytoplasm: • A.K.A. Cytosol • The fluid (jelly-like) substance found throughout the cell • Helps position organelles

  3. Nucleus, Nucleolus, & Ribosomes • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Genetic information (genes) = instructions to make proteins • The nucleolus makes ribosomes • Ribosomes exit through nuclear pores and link amino acids to make protein.

  4. Endoplasmic Reticulum TWO KINDS: • RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) • Found right outside the nucleus. • Studded with ribosomes • Remember: ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

  5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (cont.) • SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) • Breaks down alcohol • Can break down and make lipids

  6. Golgi Apparatus • A.K.A. Golgi Body • Looks like a stack of pancakes • Once a ribosome has linked amino acids to make a protein, the protein travels to the GOLGI APPARATUS • The golgi body processes, sorts and delivers protein.(think of a post office) • Proteins are packaged into vesicles.

  7. Vesicles • Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials, like protein, nutrients, or waste • Transports materials into or out of a cell.

  8. Golgi Body & Vesicle in action

  9. The process of making proteins is IMPORTANT!! • Process Review • 1) The nucleus has genes, which hold instructions for making proteins • 2) Nucleolus (inside the nucleus) makes a ribosome • 3) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER • 4) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and exports them

  10. Mitochondria • Supplies energy to the cell • Think “Mighty Mitochondria” • Where metabolic processess take place

  11. Vacuole • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials, like water. • Plants have a large Central Vacuole, which takes up lots of water.

  12. Lysosomes • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Lysosomes have a license to kill.

  13. Centrosomes and Centrioles • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. • Centrioles help divide DNA. • Centrioles form cilia and flagella. • Used for movement

  14. Plant cells have a couple of structures that are unique to plant cells only. • Cell wall • A cell wall provides rigid support. • Made of cellulose

  15. Chloroplasts • Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy. • Where photosynthesis occurs. • Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight & converts it into glucose (sugar) • Chlorophyll is what makes the plants green. CO2 + H20 + sunlight  Sugar + O2

  16. Eukaryote Evolution • Endosymbiosis Theory: Chloroplast & mitochondria were free-living organisms • Both were engulfed by a larger predator cell • Both gave the larger cell an advantage (make food and energy) • Predator cell provided each protection • Over time, these cells could not survive without the mitochondria & chloroplast • Evidence: Mitochondria & chloroplast contain own DNA, replicate, contain own ribosomes

More Related