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The End of the Cold War

The End of the Cold War. 1980-1991. Reagan’s Cold War policy. Reagan built up both convention armed forces and the U.S. nuclear arsenal 1983 – announced the Strategic Defense Initiative Invasion of Grenada in 1983 to remove a revolutionary government

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The End of the Cold War

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  1. The End of the Cold War 1980-1991

  2. Reagan’s Cold War policy • Reagan built up both convention armed forces and the U.S. nuclear arsenal • 1983 – announced the Strategic Defense Initiative • Invasion of Grenada in 1983 to remove a revolutionary government • Direct military involvement in the Middle East • Aid to Latin Americans resisting communism • INF Treaty (1987) reduced numbers of missiles in Europe

  3. The Iran-Contra Affair • The Reagan administration secretly supported Nicaraguan Contras using profits from arms sales to Iran. • These actions were in violation of an arms embargo and American laws about international intervention.

  4. Foreign Policy under George H.W. Bush • START I treaty (1991) called for dramatic reductions in U.S. and Soviet stockpiles of long-range nuclear weapons • Failure to react to Tiananmen Square massacre brought criticism from human rights activists • Operation Just Cause (1989) – Invasion of Panama to remove Manuel Noriega • Operation Desert Storm (1990) – U.S.-led UN forces liberated Kuwait from Iraqi control

  5. The Collapse of Soviet Control • Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev encouraged policies of glasnost and perestroika in Eastern bloc nations. • In Poland, free elections replaced Communist rule with Solidarity, a labor alliance. • November 9, 1989 – East Germany began allowing travel to and from West Germany, and the wall came down.

  6. Dissolution of the Soviet Union • A failed coup in August 1991 prompted the republics to seek independence. • Gorbachev resigned on December 25, 1991 – and on January 1, 1992 the USSR ceased to exist.

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