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may reach more than a meter in height contain vascular tissues tracheids in xylem phloem

may reach more than a meter in height contain vascular tissues tracheids in xylem phloem lignin - reinforced cell walls with true roots, stems, and leaves. http://yahyaaydin.edublogs.org/files/2012/06/vascular-system-1oiqdco.gif.

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may reach more than a meter in height contain vascular tissues tracheids in xylem phloem

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  1. may reach more than a meter in height • contain vascular tissues • tracheids in xylem • phloem • lignin-reinforced cell walls • with true roots, stems, and leaves http://yahyaaydin.edublogs.org/files/2012/06/vascular-system-1oiqdco.gif

  2. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/ZeaRootXS.gif, http://imgc.artprintimages.com/images/art-print/jack-bostrack-cross-section-of-a-corn-stem-showing-vascular-bundles-zea-mays-a-monocot-lm-x100_i-G-64-6453-58IH100Z.jpg, http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/4x8923282/Corn_Leaf_Vascular_Bundles_42-18708022.jpg ,http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/mauseth/weblab/webchap7xylem/web7.2-1.jpg

  3. Early vascular plants • seedless • leaves with waxy cuticles • sporophyllswith spores arranged in sori(sing. sorus) • depend on water for reproduction and nourishment • dominant diploid sporophyte stage http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ardEXc55Vv4/S8JwWU7xbQI/AAAAAAAAAH4/FtPJLKeifBo/s1600/Fern_labeled_MC_%5B1%5D.jpg

  4. http://www.tomifobia.com/gallerya/pix/fiddlehead_fern1.jpg, http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/100587/100587,1211843094,1/stock-photo-sori-on-the-underside-of-a-fern-frond-marginal-sori-characteristic-of-adiantum-13070203.jpg,, http://www.deanza.edu/faculty/mccauley/6a_site_images/plants-images/fern-sor-01.jpg, http://www.backyardnature.net/n/09/090503sg.jpg

  5. Taxonomy • whiskferns have rhizoids with mycorrhizae, stems, and leaflike structures • Psilotum http://www.redorbit.com/media/uploads/2004/10/45_0d6f53866162cdab6d2a37a3a3101ea9.jpg

  6. Taxonomy • abundant on early earth • first forests • grew to 35m tall • fossilized remains  coal • extant species are club mosses in moist places (Lycopodium) http://www.twofrog.com/images/lycopodium98.jpg, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Lycopodium_saururus.JPG

  7. Taxonomy • Equisetum (horsetail/scouring rush) only living genus • can grow to a meter in length • leaves arranged in whorls around stems • contain abrasive silica http://www.friendsschoolplantsale.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/equisetum.jpg, http://www.irishwildflowers.ie/images/fern-allies/fa-07a1.jpg, http://www.missouriplants.com/Ferns/Equisetum_hymenale_stems.jpg

  8. Taxonomy • since 350 mya • true vascular tissues, strong roots, underground stems called rhizomes, large leaves called fronds • shade plants found in wet habitats • sporangia in clusters of soriproducing haploid spores • released spores carried by wind/water http://www.friendsschoolplantsale.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/equisetum.jpg, http://www.irishwildflowers.ie/images/fern-allies/fa-07a1.jpg, http://www.missouriplants.com/Ferns/Equisetum_hymenale_stems.jpg

  9. http://www.southtexascollege.edu/nilsson/4_GB_Lecture_figs_f/4_GB_22_Plantae_Fig_f/24_16_Fern_LifeCycle.GIFhttp://www.southtexascollege.edu/nilsson/4_GB_Lecture_figs_f/4_GB_22_Plantae_Fig_f/24_16_Fern_LifeCycle.GIF

  10. water NOT required for gamete fertilization! • gametes in sporophyte structures called flowers or cones • undergo pollination to transfer sperm from male gametophyte (in pollen grain) to female gametes • embryos contained within seeds with stored food supplies http://biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/taxonomy/plants/spermatophyta/gymnosperms/other%20pines/JSC%209805&06%20male%20&%20female%20pine%20cones%203.JPG, http://growit.umd.edu/vegetableprofiles/VegetableProfileImages/squash.mf.petals.jpg

  11. http://www.uen.org/utahlink/tours/loadimg.cgi?p=/tour/14719/14719lr001135.gifhttp://www.uen.org/utahlink/tours/loadimg.cgi?p=/tour/14719/14719lr001135.gif

  12. with vessel elements similar to angiosperms Taxonomy Welwitschia wikipedia.org , http://ephedraclaims.com/wp-content/themes/thesis_17/custom/rotator/ephedra1.jpg Gnetum

  13. grow very slowly and are long-lived (~1000 years) palmlike plants with large cones plants are dioecious (plants have separate sexes) Taxonomy Cycasrevoluta http://www.hear.org/starr/images/images/plants/full/starr-080716-9529.jpg

  14. “living fossil” with only one extant member Taxonomy Ginkgo biloba http://www.arborday.org/trees/graphics/trees/162/162_md.jpg,, http://i.ebayimg.com/t/Spring-Valley-Herbal-Supplement-Ginkgo-Biloba-90-ct-/00/s/MzAwWDMwMA==/$(KGrHqR,!jQE68o5+uJ1BO+Z!wKzwQ~~60_35.JPG

  15. Taxonomy • pine, spruce, fir, cedar, sequoia, redwood, yew, larch, cypress • long and thin leaves with waxy cuticles and sunken stomates

  16. http://sharon-taxonomy2009-p3.wikispaces.com/file/view/Life_Cycle_GS.gif/95529336/Life_Cycle_GS.gifhttp://sharon-taxonomy2009-p3.wikispaces.com/file/view/Life_Cycle_GS.gif/95529336/Life_Cycle_GS.gif

  17. Characteristics • Appeared on land during the Cretaceous period 135 mya • Dominant and most diverse form of plants • Reproductive organs called flowers with ovaries that surround and protects seeds • Ovaries  fruits (tissue surrounding seeds)

  18. http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Flower.terms.jpghttp://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Flower.terms.jpg

  19. http://www.biographixmedia.com/biology/tomato-flower-fruit.jpghttp://www.biographixmedia.com/biology/tomato-flower-fruit.jpg

  20. http://home.sandiego.edu/~gmorse/2009BIOL221/Study_guide2/monocot_dicot.jpghttp://home.sandiego.edu/~gmorse/2009BIOL221/Study_guide2/monocot_dicot.jpg

  21. http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/the-life-cycle-of-angiosperm-38618http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/the-life-cycle-of-angiosperm-38618

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