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Childhood and Adolescent Depression

Childhood and Adolescent Depression. By David Bryant PSY 6669 1/9/13. Topics of Discussion. What is depression? Types of depression Symptoms Others issues related to Bipolar Disorder What does depression look like? Causes Treatment What can parents do to help?. What is Depression?.

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Childhood and Adolescent Depression

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  1. Childhood and Adolescent Depression By David Bryant PSY 6669 1/9/13

  2. Topics of Discussion • What is depression? • Types of depression • Symptoms • Others issues related to Bipolar Disorder • What does depression look like? • Causes • Treatment • What can parents do to help?

  3. What is Depression? • Medical disorder that causes a person to feel persistently sad, low, or disinterested in daily activities for an extended period of time • Depressed children and adolescents are at increased risk for committing suicide • According to KidsHealth.org 1 in every 33 children may have depression • In teens, that number may be as high as 1 in 8

  4. Types of Depression • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) • Dysthymic Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • Seasonal Affective Disorder

  5. Major Depressive Disorder • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) • A serious condition • Includes multiple, significant symptoms of depression that persist nearly every day for a long time • Can develop as a response to a stressful situation or on its own • Typically interferes with day-to-day functioning like eating and sleeping

  6. Symptoms of MDD • Depressed mood, frequent sadness or crying • Diminished interest activities • Significant weight loss or gain • Insomnia or hypersomnia • Psychomotor agitation or retardation • Fatigue • Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt • Diminished ability to concentrate • Recurring thoughts of death or suicidal ideation

  7. Dysthymic Disorder • Milder depression than MDD • Does not interfere with day-to-day function as much • Chronic sense of dysphoria • Poor appetite or overeating, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration • Lasts at least one year and impairs their functioning at home and at school

  8. Seasonal Affective Disorder • Depression triggered by change in season • Mostly occurs during fall or winter • Can be seen in kids with Bipolar Disorder

  9. Bipolar Disorder • Affects 1% to 2% of kids • Episodes of low-energy depression (sadness and hopelessness) and high-energy mania (irritability and explosive temper) • Develops in during late teen years and early adulthood • Just, as juvenile diabetes is generally a more severe disorder than adult-onset diabetes, pediatric bipolar disorder appears to be more perilous than adult-onset bipolar disorder

  10. Other Issues Associated with Bipolar Disorder • Attention deficit disorder • Oppositional behavior disorders • Anxiety • Irritability • Changes in mood from depression to mania

  11. What does Depression look like in Children? • At School • Difficulty concentrating and or forgetfulness • Impaired ability to plan organize • Social Isolation • Poor performance • School absence • Problem behaviors • Heightened sensitivity to criticism • Other conditions such as ADHD • Anxiety Disorders

  12. Persistent sadness, downcast expression, or low mood • Persistent decreased interest in activities • Sleep disturbances • Change in appetite • Increased fatigue • Frequent tantrums over small disappointments • Physical complaints such as headaches or stomach aches • Low self-esteem • Suicide risk • Irrational worries or fears of being watched or listened to by others • Unusual worries of having thoughts or internal voices controlled by others • Experimentation with alcohol or drugs as way of trying to make themselves feel better What does Depression look like in Childrenat home?

  13. Causes of Depression • Can be caused by lowered levels of neurotransmitters (chemicals that carry signals though the nervous system) in the brain, which limits a person’s ability to feel good • Depression can run in families • Life events such as death, divorce, moving, and breakups • Chronic illness can contribute to depression, as can certain medicines maybe a trigger

  14. Treatment • Cognitive behavior psychotherapy utilizing reframing of thoughts to be healthier and more positive • Family counseling may help • The most common type of medications used to treat depression in children are Prozac and Zoloft (There is increased risk in suicide so the dosage must be monitored closely)

  15. What Can Parents Do to Help? • Seek help and do not ignore the signs • Make sure your child takes her medicine • Keep your child active • Offer love and support and be open to listen to anything they have to say • Accept the situation, never tell your child to “snap out of it”, it is not laziness • Watch for warning signs and take talk of suicide seriously

  16. Wrap Up Questions/Comments? Thank you for your time!

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