Trend s in power industry in European context 17.-18.4.2013

1. Automatic central monitoring of the condition of VHV & EHV power transmission systems(ACM System) Trends in power industry in European context 17.-18.4.2013 ČEPS, a.s., Petr Spurný, Head of Maintenance & Standardisation Concept Department

2. Table of contents • What is ACM • Prerequisites for solution • Principal functionalities with examples • Summary of outputs and benefits of ACM • Situation before & after the project completion • Conclusions

3. What is ACM • ACM – Automatic Central Monitoring of the condition of VHV & EHV facilities • It monitors technical condition of such facilities • It issues recommendations for further operation or modification of content or intensity of maintenance of such facilities Fault recorders Database of dispatching control system SAP system (equipment, technological sites, outages/shutdowns, faults/defects, maintenance planning and results) MST (monitoring system for transformers) Specialized external systems (REGOL, EUCLID)

4. What is ACM – main elements SW eSADA = simple and user-friendly system for searching in the database of central information system (SAP) and in results of monitoring = an active analytical and calculating system for the control and evaluation of operation and recommendations for maintenance SW AROPO (automatic fault detection) = automatic detection system of deteriorated operating condition of facilities or excessive / non-standard load

5. Architecture and sources of data • System processes existing data from a control system, protections, fault recorder.., no additional data are needed • High reliability of data – it uses existing data from other applications • It is just a SW system, no additional HW or communication tools are needed • ACM registers and monitors all VHV and EHV facilities • Control System: U,I, P & Q, status (ON-OFF), time, alarms • Fault recorders: detailed analog curves (course of fault event - analogy with oscillation-perturbation-recorder) • SAP: topology and register of network facilities, records on faults and defects, planning and evaluation of maintenance & diagnostics Sources of data

6. Principal functionalities of ACM • Mid-term: • Monitoring of loading and overloading of facilities • Monitoring of failure rate and calculation of reliability parameters (including modelling of degradation curves), • Calculation of non-availability of network or its parts, • Evaluation of [power] inputs and outputs at transfer points, • Monitoring and evaluation of actual overloading in network, • Processing of data on Voltage and R-fields for the determination of limit loadability of DŘ, • Modelling of maintenance strategy and planning to upkeep proper performance Short-term: • Uncovering of non-standard condition or loading of individual facilities • Long-term: • Monitoring of technical condition and history of equipment operation and calculation of equipment health index, • Determination of priorities for maintenance and recovery of network operation according to the importance and rate of risk

7. Modules for fault detection • MODULE PRURAZ [BREAKDOWN]: Detection of breakdowns of circuit breakers in switching-off (11 cases detected at 9 circuit breakers, 4 of them have been replaced) • MODULE PREST: Detection of pre-ignition of circuit breakers in switching-on (1 c.b. detected) • MODULE QMCAS: Detection of intolerable delay of functions between circuit breaker poles (4 circuit breakers detected – diagnostics planned for 2012) • MODULE PETAN: Detection of broken-down armatures of capacitive PTN (6 cases detected, all faulty PTNs have been replaced) • MODULE FREK: Fault detection of anti-resonant circuit of capacitive PTN (1 of them replaced for a new one)

8. Monitoring of non-standard load • MODULE FERO : Detection of ferro-resonant condition in network (15 fields at substations detected, 1 of them repaired by changing its physical arrangement, rest of them by modifying their switching sequence) • MODULE ASYNCHRON: Detection of asynchronous switching in network and moni-toring of related load by flow-through current • MODULE SATUR: Detection of saturation of PTP cores which may result in wrongful response and function of protections • MODULE PREP: Monitoring of operational overvoltage and detection of overvoltage straining excessively respective insulation • MODULE NARAZ [SURGE]: Monitoring of transformer loading by surge current

9. Monitoring of loading by short-circuit current • MODULE ZKRAT [SHORT-CIRCUIT]: Monitoring of loading by short-circuit current • MODULE VPROUD: Monitoring of currents switched off by a circuit breaker – calculation of ∑i2t and comparison with a limit value Example for a circuit breaker type 3AQ2EI 420 kV in the variant “Etzenricht”…

10. Index of Health (or a good technical condition) • IoH [IZ] is based on: • Age of facilities(W1) Group index - attaining values between 1 & 4 • Cumulative load of facilities (W2)Group index - attaining values between 1 & 4 • Actual condition of facilities (W3)Group index - attaining values between 1 & 4 • Operational history of facilities (W4) Group index - attaining values between 1 & 4 • History of technological model (W5) Group index - attaining values between 1 & 4 • Model sustainability and reparability (W6)Group index- attaining values between 1&4 • Total normalized Index of Health IZnorm: (attaining values between25 & 100)

11. Basic visualisation of Index of Health Monitoring of transmission system facilities – Map of warnings Index of Health can be used for the issue of decision on expected reliability, repair, replacement or rejection of respective facility (characterised by colour symbols on the map). Index of Health thus represents a basis for the way and intensity of maintenance.

12. Calculation of Index of Importance (ID) • Principles for determination of ID: • Decisive factors for calculation are “Primary and derived weighting objects” with boundaries given by protection switching-off algorithms. • Individual primary weighting objects(lines, transformers and chokes) are considered based on the importance of their fault (or failure) on: • neighbouring object (16 criteria) • proper Transmission System (8 criteria) • Weights of individual impacts from the item B) are determined by a group of experts of ČEPS [Czech Power Transmission System] using importance factors assigned with the help of a questionnaire • Weights ofderived objects(all parts of substations) are determined by acalculation fromprimary weighting objects • Each item of equipment takes on itself the weight of that weighting object in which it actually is installed and the calculation also assumes the time period needed for the restoration of power transmission at a given place.

13. Summary of outputs and benefits of ACM • Prevention of faults / failures of Transmission System equipment (prevention of outages of transmission objects) • Provision of data for analysis of reasons of faults of Transmission System equipment, (in most cases, it makes possible to find reasons for such faults, to negotiate with manufacturers (including customer complaints) and to prevent any similar faults in the future) • Calculation of (non)availability of individual parts of networks including provision of data for the solution of reasons of TS outages – in particular successful repair interventions • Provision of input data and recommendations for planning of replacements (restoration) of TS equipment including optimisation of service life in relation to estimated service life time (ESLT) of appropriate groups of equipment

14. Summary of outputs and benefits of ACM • Creation of recommendations for planning of maintenance of Transmission System equipment and for modelling of costs of various strategies • Determination of limits for loading of Transmission System objects [items] for dispatching control • Provision of input data for risk management in ČEPS, a.s. • Checks of power inputs and outputs in transfer points,provision of input data for optimisation of contracts on transferred power inputs and outputs • Side effects – Checks and corrections in data sources Both SW and HW-based and user-intuitive opinions on all source data

15. Exploitation of results of ACM • Section of operation/maintenance, Section of asset management • REVELATION OF FAULTS AND INITIATION OF REPAIR WORK • INITIATION OF CHANGES IN PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CODE & EXTRAORDINARY MAINTENANCE/DIAGNOSTIC PLAN • DETERMINATION OF ORDER OF IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS • MAINTENANCE COST MODELLING • Revelation of errors in power transmission monitor functions • Revelation of errors in Central SAP System • Section of project implementation and Section of asset administration (Risk management) • PLANNING OF INVESTMENTS • PLANNING OF RENOVATION CENTRALISED SW eSADA (ACM) Monitoring of operating conditions for equipment, calculations of Health and Risk Index for equipment and recommendations for maintenance • Section of secondary equipment • Revelation of errors in setting of protections, fault recorders and control systems for substations • Dispatching • CALCULATION OF LIMIT VALUES FOR LOADING • Revelation of errors in setting of control systems for substations, faults in data transfers to the control centre & faults in network logbook • Other issues • CALCULATION OF KPIs (e.g. for non-availability, reliability…) • REPORTING ON TRANSFERRED POWER INPUT & OUTPUT

16. SW for AM area before the ACM project SAP R/3 MODULE PM Expert SW: status of equipment (EQ) per DGA (REGOL) Points in network (PM) and equipment (EQ) Maintenance and results of diagnostic checks Faults, defects and outages CENTRAL SERVER CENTRAL SERVER Data store IND-Ex Dispatching SW TRIS Fault recorders Monitors for power transmission Control systems for substations

17. Diagram of ACM project after its completion Monitoring of storm activity (EUCLID) SAP R/3 MODULE PM Expert SW: status of equipment (EQ) per DGA (REGOL) Faults, defects and outages Faults, defects and outages Module for economy of planned maintenance Points in network (PM) and equipment (EQ) Maintenance and results of diagnostic checks Module for importance of TM (Importance index) Shutdowns CENTRALISED SW eSADA (ACM) Monitoring of operating conditions for equipment, calculations of Health and Risk Index for equipment and recommendations for CBM and RBM CENTRAL SERVER and SW AROPO CENTRAL SERVER and SW for data selection Data store IND-Ex Electronic network logbook Dispatching SW TRIS MONITORING OF EQUIPMENT STATUS: SYSTEM ACM Fault recorders Monitors for power transmission Control systems for substations SW for planning of shutdowns

18. Conclusions ACM system is fully functional and beneficial and its operation has provided useful information • FURTHER PROGRESS • “Fine tuning” of completed parts in compliance with actual results from real operation • System maintenance with regard to new equipment installed / replaced in TS • Development of new functionalities (e.g. automatic monitoring of insulation condition, inclusion of results of aerial inspections of transmission lines, …) • Creation of a new subsystem LINE which would combine data from maintenance findings with registered data and available information from ACM • Support of maintenance planning based on the actual condition of the equipment from the point of view of both the content and costs of maintenance Thank you for your attention Any questions?