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Shadows of the Empire, Part II: Rise of the Empire

Shadows of the Empire, Part II: Rise of the Empire. Shadows of the Empire. Caesar’s assassins believed they were restoring the Republic The people of Rome did not share this belief

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Shadows of the Empire, Part II: Rise of the Empire

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  1. Shadows of the Empire, Part II: Rise of the Empire

  2. Shadows of the Empire • Caesar’s assassins believed they were restoring the Republic • The people of Rome did not share this belief • Octavian, Caesar’s grandnephew and heir, forms an alliance with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus to form the Second Triumvirate to hunt down the assassins

  3. Path to War • Octavian controlled the west, including Rome • Antony allies himself with Cleopatra, pharaoh of Egypt, in the East • Allies of Octavian start a rumor that Antony wants Cleopatra to be queen of Rome • Antony’s mistake was ceding Rome to Octavian

  4. The Battle of Actium, 31 BC

  5. Octavian Triumphant • Antony and Cleopatra clash with Octavian at Actium • Octavian routs his enemies • Antony and Cleopatra retreat to Egypt • Antony commits suicide • Cleopatra commits suicide hours before Octavian’s army closes in on her • Octavian is left as master of the Roman World

  6. Call to Power • January 1, 27 BC: The Senate votes Octavian the title Augustus- “Most Honored” • Awarded PrincepsCivitatis- “First Citizen of the State • Awarded TribunicaPotestas- “Full Power of Tribunes” • Awarded PontifexMaximus- “High Priest of the State” • Awarded Imperator- “Commander of the Roman Army” • This title is the basis for “Emperor” • Augustus turned Roman legions into a standing army • Advanced into Germany • Created an auxiliary reserve army • Created the Praetorian Guard as police force and personal bodyguard

  7. Life under Augustus • Advanced women’s rights • Massive building campaign • Allowed local governments to control their own affairs • Virgil’s Aeneid-an epic tale of the founding of Rome-is written • Aeneas, hero of Troy and Dido, his princess

  8. Heir to Augustus • None of the titles were hereditary • Augustus feared civil war upon his death • To establish succession he shared consular and tribunican powers with his adopted son, Tiberias • With the death of Augustus in AD 14, the Senate recognized Tiberias as the new emperor

  9. The Julio-Claudian Dynasty • Augustus established a dynasty that lasted from 27 BC to AD 68 • Tiberias • Tiber River in Rome was named for him • Son in law was Pontius Pilate • Caligula • Had his horse proclaimed senator and consul • Claudius • May or may not have been insane • Nero • The most hated emperor…ever

  10. Julius Caesar and Octavian Caesar Augustus • These two men dominated Roman history and politics for seventy years • Established the Roman Empire • The PaxRomana-the Roman Peace • Imperial Rome controlled 2.3 million square miles of territory in Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, and the Middle East • The Roman Empire survived in one form or another until 1453 • Almost a quarter of the world’s population that has ever existed, lived and died under the reign of a Roman Emperor

  11. A Final Thought • “I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble,” –Caesar Augustus

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