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Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM) Derived Varieties

Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM) Derived Varieties. G ermplasm E nhancement of M aize. M.H. Blanco 1 , C.A.C. Gardner 1 , W. Salhuana 2 , and N. Shen 1 1 USDA-ARS and 2 Retired Pioneer Fellow and GEM TSG Chair. GEM Mission Statement.

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Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM) Derived Varieties

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  1. Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM) Derived Varieties Germplasm Enhancement of Maize M.H. Blanco1, C.A.C. Gardner1, W. Salhuana2, and N. Shen1 1 USDA-ARS and 2 Retired Pioneer Fellow and GEM TSG Chair

  2. GEM Mission Statement The objective of the GEM Project is to develop and provide to the publicadapted germplasm lines via germplasm enhancement of useful exotic germplasm. The adapted materials are incorporated into research and breeding programs that will increase the diversity of U.S. corn germplasm, improve its performance, and provide new and better products to the American consumer.

  3. Argentina Bolivia Brazil Columbia Chile Guatemala Mexico Paraguay Peru United States Uruguay Venezuela Countries Belonging to the Latin American Maize Project (LAMP) * * LAMP began in 1987, funded by Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc., and administrated by the USDA-ARS.

  4. GEM Objectives • Manage an extensive multi-site cooperative breeding (and trial network) and information sharing with public and private cooperators. • Develop genetically enhanced populations and lines (early generation S2 and S3 focus) from GEM breeding crosses. • Evaluate genotypes in the breeding program for yield, agronomic traits, silage, biotic and abiotic stress (including mycotoxins), and value-added traits. • Conduct research relevant to high priority maize germplasm traits and performance.

  5. AgReliant Genetics, LLC BASF Plant Science Breeding, L.L.C Beck's Superior Hybrids, Inc.* Benson Seed Research, LLC FFR Cooperative Garst Seed Company* Golden Harvest Seeds, Inc. Hoegemeyer Enterprises Illinois Foundation Seeds, Inc. Monsanto Company* Mycogen Seeds* National Starch and Chemical Co. NC+ Hybrids* PAU Seeds, Inc. Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc.* Professional Seed Research, Inc. Schillinger Seeds SEEDirect Syngenta Seeds, Inc.* Wyffels Hybrids Private GEM US Cooperators * Entities with representatives currently serving on the GEM Technical Steering Group (TSG).

  6. Cornell University Iowa State University Louisiana State University Michael Fields Agricultural Institute1 North Carolina State University North Dakota State University Ohio State University Texas A&M University* The University of Tennessee Truman State University University of Delaware* University of Illinois University of Nebraska University of Wisconsin USDA-ARS (Ames, IA) USDA-ARS (Columbia, MO) USDA-ARS (Mississippi State, MS) USDA-ARS (Raleigh, NC) Public US Cooperators 1 Non-Government Organization (NGO) * Entities with representatives currently serving on the TSG.

  7. AgriSource Co., Ltd., Thailand Agrotuniche, Chile EMBRAPA1, Brazil Hyland Seeds, Canada INTA2, Argentina Maharlika Genetics, Mexico Nidera, Argentina Sursem S.A., Argentina The University of Guelph, Canada International Cooperators 1 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa, Agropecuaria (EMBRAPA); Brazil 2 Instituto Nacioanal de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA) Argentina

  8. Agronomic adaptability- yield, lodging, grain moisture, and Y/M Abiotic stress tolerance: drought, heat, and interacting biotic stresses Ear mold and mycotoxin resistance (aflatoxin and fumonisin) Disease resistance (emphasis on stalk rots, and leaf blights that impact stalk rots) Insect resistance (emphasis on corn root worm and corn ear worm impacting quality and mycotoxins) Value-added traits (VAT’s) Grain (protein>13%, oil>6%, and starch>75%) Silage yield & quality GEM Trait Targets

  9. GEM Pedigree Protocol

  10. Winter 1 Accession x Private line 1 Summer 1 (Accession x Private line 1) x Private line 2 Self 300 plants (S0) Winter 2 Plant S1 ears to make S2. Select at 20% selection intensity Summer 2 Make S2 topcross to elite tester inbred Winter 3 Summer 3 Yield test 50 S2 topcrosses at 6 locations Make S3 increase Winter 4 Determine quality analyses, disease & insect resistance in GEM lab or by cooperators Summer 4 Cross the S3’s to two testers Summer 5 Yield trial topcross from above Winter 6 Write release article for publication & all relevant data to NCRPIS GEM Breeding Protocol Flowchart

  11. Field Resources Required

  12. GEM Germplasm Releases (105 Lines Total)

  13. Released GEM Lines to the Public to Date * Projected for release in spring, 2005, by J. Coors, U. of WI.

  14. Expt. 02122 (6 Locations) with Tester LH200xLH198 in Year 2002

  15. Expt. 046011 (8 Locations) with Tester LH198 in Year 2004

  16. Quality Traits of 9 GEM Lines Released to GEM Cooperators in 2005

  17. GEM Field Day Demo

  18. Silage Yield & Quality of EX 01 Grown in Wisconsin in 2004 UW EX01 = AR17026:N1019-65008-2-3-2-1-1 X LH244 CP = Crude protein NDF = Neutral detergent fiber IVD = in vitro digestibility NDFD = Neutral detergent fiber digestibility Jim Coors, 2004.

  19. Fusarium/Fumonisin Results J. Holland, USDA-ARS, NC, 2003

  20. Percent Aspergillus Ear Rot and Aflatoxin Level of GEM Lines M. Clements, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS, 2004.

  21. GEM Breeding Crosses with Resistance to the Corn Rootworm in 2003 1 Families showing significantly lower root damage rating than the resistant check, NGSDCRW1(S2)C4-15-2S2(S1). M. Bohn (U of IL) and B. Hibbard (USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO), 2003.

  22. Summary/Benefits of GEM • Germplasm contribution of LAMP and private companies • Cooperative wide scale evaluation and development efforts • Unique germplasm and traits being identified • Technology transfer-germplasm and information • GEM serves a large number of stakeholders from different sectors and countries

  23. Future Challenges and Direction • Identify and utilize useful allelic diversity by tapping into more races • How should GEM’s resources be allocated-sampling new races vs. focusing on existing races • What breeding methodology research will be needed to effectively utilize allelic diversity? • UDEL: single seed descent research to save resources • UWI: pop development of CUBA164 as SS silage base • Explore and implement new genomic and genetic technologies through effective partnering • Address targeted questions or hypotheses related to gene function, mol breeding, etc. • GEM’s role: provide germplasm for well constructed studies • Issues: target traits? races? pop structure, candidate genes • How does GEM best serve stakeholders to maximize benefits, and broaden the germplasm base?

  24. Acknowledgements • USDA-ARS, Ames, IA Sue Duvick, Quality traits lab manager Andy Smelser, Agriculture research technician • USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC Joe Hudyncia, Southeastern GEM coordinator • North Carolina State University Major Goodman, William Neal Reynolds and Distinguished University Professor • GEM cooperators • GEM Technical Steering Group (TSG)

  25. GEM ProjectUSDA-ARS Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Thank you for your support!

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