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Intro England William (1066-87) Henry II (1154-89) Others France Louis IX (1226-70) War (1337-1443) Russia Background Two Czars. Key Terms William the Conqueror Domesday Book King John Magna Carta Hundred Years War Joan of Arc Ivan III Kremlin Ivan IV.
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Intro England William (1066-87) Henry II (1154-89) Others France Louis IX (1226-70) War (1337-1443) Russia Background Two Czars Key Terms William the Conqueror Domesday Book King John Magna Carta Hundred Years War Joan of Arc Ivan III Kremlin Ivan IV Rise Of European Nations(1000-1600)
William The Conqueror(r. 1066-1087) • Successfully invaded England (from France) and became king of England. • All the land and wealth of England was surveyed in the Domesday Book. • Created the “Small Council” which evolved into… • Parliament!
Henry II(r. 1154-1189) • Established judicial system based on “Twelve Good Men” enforced by nobles. • Result: A judicial system based on Common Law because precedents from local cases were followed. • Expanded England’s territory to include western France (ruled more of France than French king).
Unsuccessful English King • Nobility forced him to accept the Magna Carta. King John
Magna Carta(1215) Remains the cornerstone of English law & their constitution Replica on display at US Capital
French King • Known for his Christian faith • Established & maintained French justice system; • Commissioned the Establishments: a set of ordinances & customs designed to guide judges. • Sought peace with Christians (England & Spain). • Waged wars against Muslims & led several Crusades • Granted sainthood in 1297! Louis IX (1226-1270)
Louis IX • During 8th? Crusade Louis was captured in Al-Mansoura in Egypt; Dr. Hamdy Helal’s home town. Louis’ cell was located on 2nd floor; less ranking prisoners in smaller rooms “Judges House”-where he was kept
Hundred Years War(1337-1443) • War fought between England & France • Why: King of France died with out an heir & England’s Edward III tried to assert authority • France eventually won & England lost its power on European continent Edward III King of England
Joan of Arc(1412-1431) French Hero • A young, French peasant girl. • She led French troops to many victories. • She was captured and executed by the English.
Russia: Background • From 1200s to late 1400s Russia was dominated by the Mongol Empire.
Russian Leaders • United Russian principalities & expelled Mongols from Russia. • Expanded Russian territory by uniting Moscow, Novgorod & Northern territories. • Founder of modern Russian state. Ivan III (The Great) (r. 1462-1505)
The Kremlin = Fortress • In 1056 the first walls were built; in 1367 it was re-built with stone. • The Czars lived & conducted business there. It also contained cathedrals.
Assumption Cathedral-1479(Where Czars were crowned; Napoleon kept horses here)
Annunciation Cathedral-1489(Czars were baptized & married here)
Another Russian Leader(Grandson of Ivan the Great) • Italian architects rebuilt Kremlin walls (red brick) & shows Italian influence Spasskaya Tower
Another Russian Leader(Grandson of Ivan the Great) • Called Moscow the 3rd Rome; he was the first Czar. • Brutally suppressed conspiracies associated with boyars (nobility). • Expanded Russian territory Southward to Caspian & Black Sea. Ivan IV (The Terrible) (r. 1547-1584)
Intro England William (1066-87) Henry II (1154-89) Others France Louis IX (1226-70) Russia Background Two Czars Key Terms William the Conqueror Domesday Book King John Magna Carta Ivan III Kremlin Ivan IV Rise Of European Nations(1000-1600)