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Rise of European Monarchy

Rise of European Monarchy. After the decline of the Roman Empire, except for Charlemagne’s brief rule, European government was largely ___________________________. Power was held in the hands of the feudal lords. Medieval England.

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Rise of European Monarchy

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  1. Rise of European Monarchy After the decline of the Roman Empire, except for Charlemagne’s brief rule, European government was largely ___________________________. Power was held in the hands of the feudal lords.

  2. Medieval England • Withdrawal of Rome in the 400s AD left Britain to __________, ___________and _____________. • ________________________ unites Angles and Saxons in 886 AD. • Angle-land • ____________________________ last Anglo-Saxon king of England

  3. Norman conquest • Edward the Confessor left no male heir, leaving the throne up for contention. • __________ Hardrada, • William the ___________, • __________ Godwinson

  4. William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066(Tapestry)

  5. Norman conquest • ________________ 1066 • Norman vassals given lands of Anglo-Saxon clergy and nobles • _______________________ of bishops and nobles to advise king, local officials (sheriffs) collect taxes. • Census recorded in ____________________.

  6. Norman reforms • Henry I • Exchequer, department of ______________ • System of _____________ • Henry II • Replaced old feudal laws with ________________. • Grand ___________ and petit ___________ established in each community to establish guilt or innocence. • Unsuccessful at imposing royal control over the church. Fought with _______________________ over right to punish clergy in royal courts.

  7. Magna Carta, 1215 • Nobles, afraid of losing power, meet at Runnymede in 1215 and force ______________ to sign the Great Charter. • ___________________ places limits on king’s power; king is bound by law.

  8. Rise of Parliament under Henry III • ___________________________ leads to more towns and a new social class, the _______________class. • Middle class knights and burgesses added to the _________________(Parliament) • middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.

  9. Model Parliament, 1295 • Edward I summons Parliament with representatives from _____________, _____________and ____________________ • By 1400 Parliament has two chambers • House of Lords nobles and clergy • House of Commons knights and burgesses

  10. France • Death of Charlemagne led to increasingly independent feudal states. • 987 Hugh ___________ seizes throne from Carolingian king (Capetian dynasty) • Robert • Henry I • Philip I (the amourous)

  11. Louis VI (The Fat) • Uses growth of towns to strengthen royal government • Townspeople and clergy serve on court of advisors • Grants _____________________ to towns. • Asked by William X of Aquitaine to be guardian of his daughter, Eleanor. Louis VII (The Younger) Marries and divorces Eleanor, fights with Henry II

  12. Philip II (1165-1223)Philip Augustus • Acquired territory through _______________ • War with Henry II over __________________ • Joined forces with Henry II’s sons, Richard and John • Forms a ____________ • 3000 knights Louis VIII (1223-1226) Pretender to English throne (1215)

  13. Louis IX (1226-1270) • ___________________ dominant over feudal courts • Only king could mint coins • Intensely religious, proclaimed a saint in 1297 • Died on Crusade (8th) • Philip III • Aragon Crusade, died of dysentry • Philip IV

  14. Philip IV, Philip the Fair (1268-1314) • Extended French borders at England and Flanders’ expense. • ___________________to pay for wars; taxed the clergy seized Jewish assets. • Established the _________________, an assembly of nobles, clergy and townspeople • French kings maintain _____________. • Expelled Jews and annihilated Knights Templar (states within a state)

  15. Otto I, Otto the Great • Tried to restore empire of Charlemagne. • Defeats Magyars in 955, seizes Lombardy in 961, helps ______ against Roman nobles. • Crowned Emperor of Romans by the pope.

  16. Holy Roman Empire • _______________ I tries to take over northern Italy • Entanglement with _______and __________ weakens strong central government in Germany.

  17. Struggle between Church and State • Conflict between emperors and the church led to ___________________________________. • HRE broke up into __________________________and independent states. • Neither Germany nor Italy developed _____________________________________________________ in the Middle Ages

  18. Central and Eastern Europe • Slavic people divide into western, southern and eastern Slavs. • Western Slavs form Polish and Bohemian kingdoms with Hungary • Eastern Slavs (__________________) had no written language…one developed by Byzantine missionary _______________(Cyrillic language) • Southern Slavic people included __________(Roman Catholic), ____________and ______________________(Eastern Orthodox)

  19. KievanRus • Eastern Slavs also settled in present day Ukraine and Russia where they met the _______________________(the Rus) • _________settled in Kiev and the Principality of Kiev became a prosperous region, attracting Eastern Orthodox missionaries • _________________converts to Eastern Orthodox • Eastern and Western Europe divided on __________________ grounds.

  20. Mongol Rule • _____________________ conquer Russia in 13th century • Alexander ____________________ defeats a German invading army and is rewarded with title of grand-prince from the khan • Descendents become ________________________________________

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