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Diagnostic difficulties v Experimental modelling “Current assays for TB have a shortfall in diagnostic capability”. TEST ISSUES Specificity and sensitivity are not absolute PPD’s – Friend or Foe ? Antigen discovery and cocktail design continue IFN- g or immune signature
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Diagnostic difficulties v Experimental modelling“Current assays for TB have a shortfall in diagnostic capability” • TEST ISSUES • Specificity and sensitivity are not absolute • PPD’s – Friend or Foe ? • Antigen discovery and cocktail design continue • IFN-g or immune signature • HOST RESPONSE ISSUES • Genetics v infection v immune response • Concurrent infections • - Para TB • - Viral infections • - Fasciola hepatica MHM-2 Gettysburg 2008
Fh Mb Fasciola hepatica and M. bovis concurrent infection • Experimental model in cattle • F. hepatica infection firstM. bovis second • IFN-g measured as per diagnosis • Fasciola infection depresses the immune response to M. bovis • Implications for diagnostics / administration of vaccines • Parasite co-infection model for human disease and diagnostics ? MHM-2 Gettysburg 2008
Impact of experimental models • PAST RECORD • Successive refinement: from “crude” design to natural mimic • Models can represent various stages of disease • Models map immune kinetics • FUTURE POTENTIAL • Assess test potential and antigen components • Define immune signature ? • Model concurrent infections / latency ? • Surrogate model for human disease MHM-2 Gettysburg 2008