The thermal energy:

1. The thermal energy: by: Elena Carrión

2. definition: • It is named a thermal energy to the energy liberated in the shape of heat. It(she) can be obtained of the nature, from the chemical energy, by means of an exothermic reaction, as the combustion of some fuel; for a nuclear reaction of fission or of merger; by means of electric power for effect Joule or for thermoelectric effect; or for rubbing, as residue of other mechanical or chemical processes. Likewise, it is possible to take advantage of energy of the nature that one finds in the shape of thermal energy, as the geothermal energy or the thermal solar power.

3. Thermal energy is the energy involved in heat phenomena. When two bodies at different temperatures come into contact, the energy communicated hot to cold, the kind of energy that is transferred from one body to another as a result of a temperature difference is precisely the thermal energy. Following the approach characteristic of the molecular-kinetic theory, the thermal energy of a body is the energy resulting from adding all the mechanical energy associated with the movement of different particles that compose it. The amount of heat energy that a body loses or wins in contact with another at a different temperature is called heat. The heat is thus a measure of heat energy put into play in the heat phenomena. In the case of heat phenomena of heat transfer occurs in the body of higher temperature to lower temperature. The temperature can be assimilated by both the level of thermal energy, and heat can be compared to the amount of water that a container gives way to another to communicate with each other. The body of higher temperature more molecules possess kinetic energy that may yield to lower body temperature, just like a fastball that hits a slow speeds, this microscopic mechanical energy transit, whose combined effect is the heat be maintained while those not equal.

4. Not renewable energies: • The thermal energy is classified as non-renewable energy, which means that it is not forever and there are 3 heat sources: 1) Coal 2) Natural gas 3) Oil

5. Fossil fuels: • Fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) are substances resulting from the accumulation, over millions of years, large quantities of remains of living organisms at the bottom of lakes and sedimentary basins

6. Coal, oil and natural gas

7. The coal: Composition: Itis formed in nature by the decomposition of residual plant material accumulated in swamps ol large riversComprised mainly of carbon but also contains hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen varying amounts of sulfur and other

8. Formation of coal: Coal is a mineral of organic origin, their formation is the result of condensation of matter or partially decomposed plants over millions of years.One can distinguish 4 types:1.-peat2.-lignite3.-coal4 .- anthracite

9. Oil: • Definition: Oil is the product of the decomposition of the remains of microscopic organisms that lived millions of years in oceans, lakes and river mouths. It is a liquid, less dense than water, dark, oily appearance and odor, formed by a mixture of hydrocarbons (chemical compounds containing only carbon in their molecules and hydrogen).Oil has, today, many applications, including: gasoline, diesel, fertilizers, plastics, explosives, drugs, dyes, synthetics, etc.. Hence the need not to waste it as simple fuel.It is used in power plants as fuel, transport and domestic use.

10. Composition of oil: Oil is a heterogeneous mixture where coexisting solids, liquid and gas. This consists of compounds called hydrocarbons, which are composed of two elements: • A.- carbon • B.-hydrogen

11. Formation of oil: • The remains of animals covered by clay and earth for many millions of years (under high pressures and temperatures) along with the action of anaerobic bacteria that is living without air cause the formation of petroleum

12. Factors necessary for the formation of petroleum: • 1.-lack of air • 2.-plants and animal remains • 3.-high pressurebetweenearthlayers • 4.-high temperatures • 5.-bacterium action

13. the oil extraction process: • Although oil was formed in ancient times, came into use about 200 years ago.Oil is extracted by drilling a well on the site. If the fluid pressure is sufficient, the natural outlet will force oil through the shaft that connects through a network of pipelines to their primary treatment, which is dehydrated and stabilized by removing more volatile compounds. Subsequently transported to refineries or upgrading facilities.

14. Petroleum refining: • Oil, as extracted from the deposit, has no practical application whatsoever. it is therefore necessary to separate it into different factions that if they are useful. this process is done in the refineries. A refinery is an industrial facility where crude oil is transformed into useful products for people

15. Natural gas: Natural gas has an origin similar to oil and usually forming a layer or bag over the oil fields. It is composed mainly of methane (CH4). Natural gas is a good substitute for coal as fuel, because of their portability and high calorific value because it is less polluting than other fossil fuels.

16. Where we can find natural gas? • Natural gas deposits are located in isolated and sometimes along with oil.

17. we use the coal for: Coal has many important uses throughout theworld. The most important uses are the production ofelectricity, steel production, manufacturingcement and other industrial processes andliquid fuel.

18. We use the oil for: Gases: used for domestic fuel and transport.Petrol: Used as fuel for industrial engines and cars.Kerosene: Used as aviation fuel.Gas-oil: Used as fuel in diesel engines.Lubricating oils: Used in chemical industry as oiled machinery or explosives.Asphalt: used in road paving.Paraffin and coking coal: Used in blast furnaces.Petrolatum: Used for salves and ointments.

19. We use the natural gas for: • Uses:ResidentialStovesWater HeatersClothes DryersHeatingAir Conditioning