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Victorian Age ( 1830-90 ). Historical Background. The era of peace Material Developments Intellectual Developments . Literature Features. Its Morality The revolt Intellectual Development The New Education International Influences The achievement of the Age. Literary Devices.
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Historical Background • The era of peace • Material Developments • Intellectual Developments
Literature Features • Its Morality • The revolt • Intellectual Development • The New Education • International Influences • The achievement of the Age
Literary Devices • ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON • Poetry • His Choice of Subject • His craftsmanship • His pictorial Quality • Tennyson's lyrical quality • heavy with imagery • Historical Plays • QuegnMary (1875), Harold (1876). and Becket (1884)
Break, break, break Break, break, break, On thy cold gray stones, O Seal And I would that my tongue could utter The thoughts me. O well for the fisherman's boy, That he shouts with his sister at play ! O well for the sailor lad, That he sings in his boat on the bay! And the stately ships go on To their haven under the hill; But O for the touch of a vanished hand, And the sound of a voice that is still I Break, break, break, At the foot of thy crags, O Seal But the tender grace of a day that is dead Will never come back to me.
Robert Browning : Literary Features • Choice of subjects (philosophical or religious, love, and lighter themes) • Style • bewildering mental acrobatics, harsh rhythm and vocabulary , noble dignity, verbal music as good as anything produced by that master of melody. • Descriptive power
His works Paracelsus (1835), blank verse, charming lyrics Thus the Mayneglideth Where my love abideth. Sleep's no softer: it proceeds On through lawns, on through meads On and on, whate'er befall, Meandering and musical, Though the niggard pasturage Bears not on its shaven ledge Aught but weeds and waving grasses To view the river as it passes, Save here and there a scanty patch Of primroses too faint to catch A weary bee.
The play Strafford (1837), story of the hero, a Mantuan troubadour, is cumbered with a mass of detailed historical allusion, and the style, in spite of occasional passages of descriptive beauty, is too compressed. • Dramatic Romances and Lyrics (1845) • Men and Women (1855) • The Ring and the Book (1868-69)
Walt Whitman (1819-92) • Leaves of Grass (1855) –collection of twelve poems • Drum Taps (1866),
Novelists Charles Dickens Features in his novels • Their popularity (hasty and ill-considered work, crudity of plot, unreality of characters, looseness of style, the pernicious habit of issuing the stories in parts/ strong a-temptation, rich and enduring. • His interest in social reform • His Imagination • His humor and Pathos • Mannerism
His works • The Pickwick Papers (1836) • Oliver Twist (1837) • American Notes (1842) • Martin Chuzzle- wit (1843) • Bleak House (1852) and Hard Times (1854) were written for his • Household Words; Little Dorrit(1855) appeared in monthly parts • A Tale of Two Cities(1859), Great Expectations (1860) were for All the Year Round • Our Mutual Friend (1864)
WILLIAM MAKEPE ACE THACKERAY • Their reputation • His Method (the characters are rogues and most of his virtuous folk are fools) • Humour and pathos (satire and sarcasm) • His style (effortless, flexible to an extraordinary degree)
His works • The Yellowplush Correspondence (1837-38) • The Book of Snobs (1849) • Memoirs of Barry Lyndon (1844) • Fair (1847-48) • The History of Pendennis (1848-50)
The Brontes • Charlotte (1816-55), Emily (1818-48), and Anne (1820-49) • Charlotte - Jane Eyre (1847), Shirley (1849) • Emily- Wuthering Heights (1847) • Anne Bronte- Agnes Grey (1847) and The Tenant of WildfellHall (1848)
Place in History • The pioneers in fiction of that aspect of the romantic movement which concerned itself with the baring of the human soul. • Painted the sufferings of an individual personality, and presented a new conception of the heroine as a woman of vital strength and passionate feelings
Other Novelists • George Elliot-Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Flos(1860)-the partly autobiographical story of Maggie and Torn Tulliver, Romola(1863). • Sense of the tragedy of life, Low classes of society • concern with the problems of the human personality and its relationship with forces outside itself, her interest in detailed psychological analysis of the realms of the inner consciousness
MISCELLANEOUS PROSE • Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-82)-American Men of letters-periodical literature- • Walter Horatio Pater (1839-94)-Studies in the History of the Renaissance (essay), Imaginary Portraits, Appreciations. • The historians-Alexander William Kinglake (1809-91), John Richard Green (1837-83)-Short history of English people • The scientists- Charles Robert Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley