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CHEM 1031

CHEM 1031. DETERMINATION OF THE FORMULA OF A HYDRATE. PURPOSE AND GOALS. DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF WATER IN AN UNKNOWN HYDRATE. PRINCIPLES. INORGANIC SALTS ANHYDROUS CONDITIONS HYDRATE-WATER MOLECULES BOUND. WATER MECHANICALLY TRAPPED CHEMICALLY BOUND.

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CHEM 1031

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  1. CHEM 1031 DETERMINATION OF THE FORMULA OF A HYDRATE

  2. PURPOSE AND GOALS • DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF WATER IN AN UNKNOWN HYDRATE.

  3. PRINCIPLES INORGANIC SALTS • ANHYDROUS CONDITIONS • HYDRATE-WATER MOLECULES BOUND

  4. WATER • MECHANICALLY TRAPPED • CHEMICALLY BOUND

  5. FORMULA FOR THE HYDRATED SALT EXAMPLE: MgCl2•6H2O HYDRATE = ANHYDROUS SALT + WATER

  6. IN THIS EXPERIMENT • DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF WATERS OF HYDRATION PRESENT IN A SAMPLE EXAMPLE: CuSO4•xH2O

  7. CALCULATIONS • MASS OF SAMPLE= MASS OF CRUCIBLE/COVER/SAMPLE(C/C/S) - MASS OF CRUCIBLE/COVER(C/C) • SHOULD BE ~1 g.

  8. MASS OF WATER IN ORIGINAL SAMPLE= WEIGHT OF C/C/S BEFORE HEATING - WEIGHT OF C/C/S AFTER HEATING

  9. MOLES OF WATER IN ORIGINAL SAMPLE= MASS OF WATER (g) MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF WATER (grams/mole)

  10. MASS OF ANHYDROUS SALT IN ORIGINAL SAMPLE= WEIGHT OF C/C/S AFTER HEATING - WEIGHT OF C/C

  11. MOLES OF ANHYDROUS SALT IN ORIGINAL SAMPLE= MASS OF ANHYDROUS SALT (g) MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF ANHYDROUS SALT (grams/mole)

  12. RATIO OF THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF WATER TO MOLES OF ANHYDROUS SALT = # MOLES WATER # MOLES ANHYDROUS SALT

  13. FORMULA OF HYDRATE: CuSO4•xH2O *WHERE “x” EQUALS THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF WATER PER MOLE OF ANHYDROUS SALT

  14. PERCENT (%) OF WATER IN SAMPLE= MASS OF H2O_LOSS MASS OF SAMPLE X 100

  15. REMINDERS • HEAT GENTLY FIRST THEN STRONGLY • USE TONGS AND WIRE GAUZE • RECORD UNKNOWN SAMPLE CODE

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