Animal Kingdom: Birds

2. Animal Kingdom: Birds

3. Aves • About 9,000 species of birds are in the class Aves. •   Bird classification is based on beak and foot types, and some habitats and behaviors. • Birds of prey have notched beaks and sharp talons. • Shorebirds have long slender bills and long legs. • Waterfowl have webbed toes and broad bills.

4. Aves • The only modern (extant) animals to have feathers. • Feathers are composed of keratin, and occur as two types.    1. Contour feathers overlap to produce a broad, flat . lifting surface.    2. Down feathers provide excellent insulation . against loss of body heat. • Birds are homeothermic; they have ability to maintain a constant, relatively high body temperature. • Homeothermy enables an animal to be continuously active in cold weather. • Feathers serve for insulation and for flight.

5. Aves: designed for flight • Keeled breastbone anchors muscles used in flight. • Respiratory air sacs are extensive to gain maximum oxygen for flight, using a one-way flow of air, • Air sacs maximize gas exchange and oxygenation of blood. • The wishbone (clavicle and ribs are fused together) stabilizes the shoulder joint and prevent collapse of shoulder during flight        

6. 6 Characteristics of Birds • Endothermic (warm blooded) • Vertebrates (Hollow Bones!) • 4 Chamber Heart • All Have Feathers • All Lay Eggs • Have Scales on Feet and Legs

7. Aves • Their nearly hollow bones ( honey combed) provide lightweight strength. • Birds possess a four-chambered heart; a double-loop circulatory system separates oxygenated blood

8. Birds Characteristics: • Have feathers • Lay eggs • Have bodies specially adapted for flight • Have a beak rather than teeth • Very acute vision and excellent muscle reflexes

9. Types of Feathers • Contour: A large feather/gives shape to birds body • Down: Short fluffy/traps heat keeps the bird warm

11. How do birds fly? • The top has less “air pressure” and this produces an UPWARD force • (This is called lift!)

12. The Science of Bird Flight

13. Birds who do NOT fly! • Penguins • Ostriches • Emus

14. There are more fake flamingos in the world than real flamingos.

15. Class Mammalia Characteristics: • Have teeth differentiation • Have hair • Are warm blooded (endothermic) • Have a single jaw bone • Have inner ear bones • Produce milk for their young

16. Are Dioecious Most are viviparous ( bear living young and nourished by mother) Some are oviparous: lay eggs that develop outside mom Mammal Characteristics

17. Mammal Characteristics • Mammals have larger brains and seem to be the most capable learners.  • Have a 4 chambered heart and a double-loop circulatory system •  Mammalian mothers nourish their babies with milk (mammary glands)

18. Class Mammalia • About 4,500 species of mammals belong to class Mammalia • The 3 major groups of extant Mammals are: 1. Monotremes 2. Marsupials 3. Placental mammals

19. Monotremes • Mammals That Lay Eggs • Examples include the duckbill platapus and spiney anteater

20. Every evolutionists worst nightmare – impossible to explain!

22. Mammals That Have Pouches Marsupials begin development inside the mother's body but are then born in a very immature state. Newborns crawl up into a pouch on their mother's abdomen. Inside a pouch they attach to nipples of mother's mammary glands and develop Marsupials

24. Opossum:American Marsupial

25. – The Kangaroo, which is a non-placental mammal. Here, the development of the young is very complex, and a baby kangaroo is born very “uncooked”, and must crawl into the mother’s pouch and latch onto a nipple to receive milk to continue development. Marsupials

26. Kangaroo Birth 17 Weeks

27. Mammals That Have Placentas Placenta supplies nutrients to and removes wastes from blood of developing offspring Placenta enables young to be born in a relatively advanced stage of development Young have long period of dependency on parents after birth Placental mammals

28. The Placenta is Key

30. based on mode of locomotion and method of obtaining food. Classification of mammals

31. Order Perissodactyla (horses, zebras, tapirs, and rhinoceroses) odd toed ungulates Order Artiodactyla (pigs, cattle, deer, buffaloes, giraffes) even toed ungulates Order Carnivora (Meat eaters, tigers, wolves, etc.) Order Primates (lemurs, monkeys, apes, man) Order Cetacea (dolphins, whales) Order Chiroptera (bats) Order Rodentia (rats, mice, squirrels, beavers, porcupines) Order Proboscidea (elephants, mammoths) Order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, pikas) Order Xenarthran ( sloth, anteaters, armadillos) Class Mammalia

32. Order Perissodactyla

33. Order Perissodactyla

34. Order Artiodactyla

35. Baby Giraffe Six Feet Tall

36. Order Artiodactyla

37. Hippo milk is pink Hippo milk is pink

38. Order Carnivora • 270 species are in order Carnivora.                 a. Meat-eaters including the dogs, cats, raccoons, bears & skunks.

39. Order Carnivora

40. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63Ch2pNkZwU

41. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eTL9LoF2FE

42. Order Primates • contains 180 species of lemurs, monkeys, gibbons, chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans.

43. Order Cetacea includes about 80 species of whales and dolphins.

44. The heart of a blue whale is so big, a human can swim through the arteries.

45. Order Chiroptera contains 925 species of nocturnal bats.

47. Don’t forget that bats use sonar to fly in total darkness! • Then remember that no mutation ever produces new genetic information. • Therefore, bats must have been created from the beginning with the ability to fly.

48. Order Rodentia mice, rats, squirrels, beavers, and porcupines).                 This is largest order with 1,760 species.

49. . Only two extant species are in order Proboscidea: the elephants and mamoths. • Upper lip and nose are elongated and muscularized forming a prehensile trunk. • They are herbivores and are largest living land mammals. Order Proboscidea

50. Order Lagomorpha 65 species of rabbits, hares, and pikas.             Their hind legs are longer than their front legs