Subjects

1. Subjects Chapter 3, pg 34

2. Complete sentence • A group of words that contains a subject and a verb and also expresses a complete thought.

3. Finding the Subject • The subject answers “Who or what is the sentence about?” • Usually occurs early in the sentence • Usually a noun (person/place/thing/idea) or pronoun (replaces a noun) • Subject CAN be modified by adjectives. • The subject of a sentence can be compound.

4. “Practice,” pg 35 • The gym seemed noisier than usual. • Our coach was shouting last-minute instructions. • He expected total concentration. • Three athletes were doing push-ups. • People were beginning to fill the bleachers.

5. Finding Nouns – ways to categorize • Common • Name general things (not capitalized) • aunt • country • watch • Proper • Name particular persons, places, or things (caps) • Aunt Meriam • Nigeria • Timex Concrete Name things we can see or touch Face People Jewelry Abstract Things we cannot see or touch Loneliness Patriotism Beauty

6. “Practice,” pg 36 • The morning of June 27 was sunny and clear. • The flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. • The people of the village began to gather in the square • The lottery was conducted by Mr. Sommers. • The jovial man had time and energy to devote to civic activities.

7. Pronounstake the place of nouns(pg 36) • Replace the underlined word(s) with a pronoun. “Practice, pg 36-37) • The crowd arrived early. • The gym was noisy. • People waited eagerly. • Coach Ann Bradwayhad not lost a game… • Steven and I found the best seats in the front row. • Not one person could predict the outcome. They arrived early It was noisy. They waited eagerly. She had not lost a game yet this season. We found the best seats in the front row. No one could predict the outcome. Nobody could predict the outcome.

8. Compound Subject • You CAN have more than one subject! • Made up of two or more nouns or pronouns • Joined with and/or, either/or, neither/nor

9. Exercise 2, pg 39 • The road twisted and turned. • A young boy hurried along briskly. • He carried an important message. • A red-winged blackbird flew overhead. • Dark clouds and a sudden wind surprised him.

10. Exercise 2, pg 39-40 6. His family would be elated. 7. Someone was raking the leaves. 8. His father called out his name. 9. The old man tore open the envelope. 10. The message was brief.

11. Prepositional Phrases (pg 41) • Prepositions tell where or how. • The subject is NEVER found within the prepositional phrase.

12. Exercise 7 pgs 42-43 • Cross out the prepositional phrase, then underline the subject. • On Friday, January 27, 2006, Western Union sent its last telegram. • With the ascendancy of modern technology, the telegram is no longer needed. • In 1851 in Rochester, New York, Western Union had its beginnings. On Friday, January 27, 2006, Western Union sent its last telegram. With the ascendancyof modern technology, the telegram is no longer needed. In 1851in Rochester, New York, Western Union had its beginnings.

13. Exercise 7 pgs 42-43 • Cross out the prepositional phrase, then underline the subject. 4. Messages were transmitted by Morse code over the wires and delivered by couriers. 5. Eventually, telegraph service drove the pony express out of business. 6. Until the emergence of the telegraph, the average delivery time for a message by pony express took ten days. Messages were transmitted by Morse code over the wires and delivered by couriers. Eventually, telegraph service drove the pony express out of business. Until the emergence of the telegraph, the average delivery timefor a message by pony express took ten days

14. Appositive Phrases • Appositive phrases are a group of words that give us extra information about a noun or pronoun in that sentence. • Appositive phrases are set off by commas • The subject is NEVER found within the appositive phrase. • Martin Johnson, the retired salesperson, sat at his desk. ______________________________appositive phrase

15. Questions – Change in Subject position pg 44 subt Verb • Why is he going away? • Put questions in statement form so that it is easier to identify the complete verb phrase. • Why is he going away? • He is going away. • How did he find his sister in the city? • He found his sister by… • Where is her office? • Her office is… Verb Verb Verb

16. There and HERE (pg 44) • “here” “where” and “there” will never be the subject of the sentence.(they are adverbs) • Ex. There will be a quiz on Tuesday. • There is a new teacher in the department. • Here comes the woman now. The quizwill be on TuesdaySubj verb Verb Subj. The teacheris new in the department.Subj verb subject V The womancomes here now. Subj verb Verb subject

17. Commands (pg 44) • Remember that the subject of a “command” sentence is “you” (understood). This is the ONLY case where the subject of a sentence may be left out. • Go to Chicago. • Help your sister. You sub Verb You sub Verb

18. Exercise 8 pg 45 • Cross out the prepositional phrase, then underline the subject. • In the night train, the child slept. • Here, the motion of the railroad cars lulled the passengers. • The child’s mother, a single parent, put a coat under the child’s head for a pillow. In the night train, the child slept. Here the motionof the railroad cars lulled the passengers. The child’s mother, a single parent, put a coat under the child’s head for a pillow.

19. Exercise 8 pg 45 4. Outside the window, the lights from small towns and villages twinkled. 5. Sometimes passengers could look into people’s windows. 6. There was a silence in the train. 7. Why do people travel in the middle of the night? Outside the window, the lights from small towns and villages twinkled. Sometimes passengers could look into people’s windows. There was a silencein the train. Why do people travel in the middle of the night.

20. Exercise 8 pg 45 In most cases, children will rest quietly at night. 8. In most cases, children will rest quietly at night. 9. Will the woman with a young child and heavy suitcases have a difficult time at the end of the trip? 10. On the platform waits an elderly man, anxious for the first sight of his grandson. Will the woman with a young child and heavy suitcases have a difficult time at the end of the trip? On the platform waits an elderly man, anxious for the first sight of his grandson.

21. How to Find the Verb pg 47 • Today she dances. • Yesterday she danced. • Tomorrow she will dance. • Verbs tell time • Test the sentence by adding Today, Yesterday, or tomorrow.

22. Action Verbs • Examples: • Arrive, leave, learn, write, open, write, teach(pg 48) • The woman studied ballet. • Tells what the subject is doing and when the action occurs.

23. Linking Verbs • Examples: • (see pg 49) • Act, appear, become, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seems, smells, sounds, tastes, turns • Be (am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been) • She seems distracted • Links the subject of a sentence to one or more words that describe or identify the subject.

24. Helping Verbs • Examples: • (see pg 51) • Can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will • Being, been, am, is, was, are, were • Has, have, had • Does, do, did • He is sleeping • He might sleep • He should sleep. • He could have been sleeping. • Combines with a main verb to form a verb phrase. It always comes before the main verb and expresses a special meaning or a particular time.

25. Identify • Identify the VERB in the sentence—either the “action” verb or “linking” verb. The subject will be the person, place, or thing (noun or pronoun) performing the action—or the noun that “is.” • s v • Ex. Ms. Antill wrote this hints sheet for you. • s v • She is sure of its benefit.

26. “To + Verb” • Remember that the “infinitive form” of the verb (to + verb) will never be the verb of the sentence. • s v v • Ex. You do want to study.