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DNA, RNA and DNA Replication

DNA, RNA and DNA Replication. What is deoxyribonucleic acid?. It controls the activities of the cell. Found in the nucleus, on chromosomes. Who discovered DNA?. James Watson and Francis Crick. They built a model of DNA using X-ray diffraction photographs by Rosalind Franklin.

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DNA, RNA and DNA Replication

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  1. DNA, RNA and DNA Replication

  2. What is deoxyribonucleic acid? • It controls the activities of the cell. • Found in the nucleus, on chromosomes.

  3. Who discovered DNA? • James Watson and Francis Crick. They built a model of DNA using X-ray diffraction photographs by Rosalind Franklin.

  4. What is DNA made of? NUCLEOTIDES Individual nucleotide 3 Nucleotides connected

  5. What are nucleotides? Deoxyribose (sugar) Phosphate group Nitrogenous base- Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine

  6. Review • Who discovered DNA? What exactly did they discover? • What are the parts of a nucleotide?

  7. A. Deoxyribose • A 5-carbon sugar • Part of the “side of the ladder/staircase” • Deoxy means: one less oxygen (than ribose) • Deoxyribose found in DNA, ribose found in RNA

  8. B. A phosphate group • Also known as a phosphoric acid • Also part of the “side of the ladder” • Alternates between the deoxyribose sugar

  9. C. Nitrogen bases • Purines: Adenine & Guanine • Pyrimidines: Thymine & Cytosine • Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine • “The rungs of the ladder

  10. Review • Deoxyribose has how many carbons? • Which Nucleic Acid has ribose as its sugar? • The phosphate group is in between what two parts of the DNA model? • The two pyrimidines are__________and ___________.

  11. What is RNA made of? Nucleotides- • Sugar (ribose) • Phosphate group • Nitrogenous bases- -guanine -cytosine -adenine -uracil

  12. Types of RNA 1. mRNA- messenger RNA 2. tRNA-transfer RNA 3. rRNA- ribosomal RNA

  13. What does each type of RNA do? • rRNA - makes up ribosomes (along with proteins) • mRNA - carries DNA messages from nucleus to ribosomes • tRNA - carries amino acids to the ribosomes

  14. Review • What are the three types of RNA? • What does mRNA do? • What does tRNA do? • What is RNA made of?

  15. Differences between RNA/DNA • RNA is single stranded, DNA is double • One base is different, DNA=thymine, RNA=uracil • RNA has ribose as its sugar, while DNA has deoxyribose as its sugar • DNA never leaves the nucleus, RNA can

  16. What is DNA replication?

  17. A process in which a new strand of DNA is produced 1. Hydrogen bonds between base pairs are broken. 2. The Helix opens 3. Free-floating nucleotides pair with exposed bases. 4. The bonds re-form and the helix coils 5. Each daughter molecule consists of one parent strand and one newly formed strand.

  18. Review • What is one difference between RNA and DNA? • What are the first 2 steps to begin replicating DNA? • What are the last 3 steps to end replication of DNA?

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